The invention discloses an environment-friendly high-flame-retardant sheath material for a PVC optical cable. The environment-friendly high-flame-retardant sheath material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 48%-52% of PVC, 20%-24% of a first plasticizer, 7%-12% of a second plasticizer, 5%-9% of a flame retardant, 5%-8% of a stabilizer, 3%-5% of an anti-shrinking agent and 0.5%-1% of an antioxidant. Through combination of polyvinyl chloride, the first plasticizer, the second plasticizer, the flame retardant, the stabilizer, the anti-shrinking agent and the antioxidant, the flame retardant property of the environment-friendly high-flame-retardant sheath material for the PVC optical cable can be effectively improved, the cold resistance is improved, and the sheath material is low in thermal shrinkage rate, suitable for different environments, high in adaptability and wide in application range.