The invention is mainly used for the optical fiber sensing temperature measurement field, and especially relates to a long-distance high-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor and a realization method thereof. The long-distance high-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor is characterized in that the long-distance high-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor comprises an ultra-narrow-linewidth laser, a circulator, an acoustic-optic modulator, a reflector, a radio frequency generator, a 1*2 optical splitter (1:1), two wavelength division multiplexers, a Raman amplifier, an EDFA, two 2*1 couplers, a photoelectric detector, a signal processing and collection unit and a microprocessor unit. The beneficial effects are that the invention discloses the realization method of the long-distance high-spatial-resolution Raman temperature measurement sensor; the monitoring distance of the Raman temperature measurement sensor based on OTDR is generally smaller than 10 km, and spatial resolution is generally larger than 1 m; and the invention provides the realization method of the Raman temperature measurement sensor based on OFDR location technique, wherein the method can greatly improve measuring distance and spatial resolution index of the system, and the method can enable the monitoring distance of the Raman temperature sensor to reach 20 km, and spatial resolution index to reach the centimeter scale.