198results about How to "High transfer efficiency" patented technology

An inductive power supply that maintains resonance and adjusts duty cycle based on feedback from a secondary circuit. A controller, driver circuit and switching circuit cooperate to generate an AC signal at a selected operating frequency and duty cycle. The AC signal is applied to the tank circuit to create an inductive field for powering the secondary. The secondary communicates feedback about the received power back to the primary controller. The power transfer efficiency may be optimized by maintaining the operating frequency substantially at resonance, and the amount of power transferred may be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle.

A solid-state imaging device includes: plural photodiodes formed in different depths in a unit pixel area of a substrate; and plural vertical transistors formed in the depth direction from one face side of the substrate so that gate portions for reading signal charges obtained by photoelectric conversion in the plural photodiodes are formed in depths corresponding to the respective photodiodes.

In a system where a digital still camera 1101 is connected to a printer 1102 on a 1394 serial bus, when the digital still camera 1101 as a data transfer originator node transfers image data to the printer 1102 as a data transfer destination node, the printer 1102 sends information on the data processing capability of the printer 1102 to the digital still camera 1101 prior to data transfer. The digital still camera 1101 determines the block size of image data to be transferred in accordance with the data processing capability of the printer 1102, and sends image data of the block size to the printer 1102. The information indicates the capacity of a memory of the printer for storing print data, or the printing capability of a printer engine, i.e., printing resolution, printing speed and the like. Thus, data transfer is always efficiently performed regardless of the data processing capability of the printer 1102.

An inductive power supply that maintains resonance and adjusts duty cycle based on feedback from a secondary circuit. A controller, driver circuit and switching circuit cooperate to generate an AC signal at a selected operating frequency and duty cycle. The AC signal is applied to the tank circuit to create an inductive field for powering the secondary. The secondary communicates feedback about the received power back to the primary controller. The power transfer efficiency may be optimized by maintaining the operating frequency substantially at resonance, and the amount of power transferred may be controlled by adjusting the duty cycle.

In a system where a digital still camera 1101 is connected to a printer 1102 on a 1394 serial bus, when the digital still camera 1101 as a data transfer originator node transfers image data to the printer 1102 as a data transfer destination node, the printer 1102 sends information on the data processing capability of the printer 1102 to the digital still camera 1101 prior to data transfer. The digital still camera 1101 determines the block size of image data to be transferred in accordance with the data processing capability of the printer 1102, and sends image data of the block size to the printer 1102. The information indicates the capacity of a memory of the printer for storing print data, or the printing capability of a printer engine, i.e., printing resolution, printing speed and the like. Thus, data transfer is always efficiently performed regardless of the data processing capability of the printer 1102.

An electrical signal processing device includes at least one thin film flux generator and at least one thin film magnetic sensor. Each flux generator includes at least one conductive induction line that is connected to at least one lead of a pair of input leads, and a yoke that surrounds the conductive induction line. The yoke has at least one pair of pole tips, and a gap is disposed between the end surfaces of each pair of pole tips. A magnetic sensor is disposed in the gap, and a pair of output leads is connected to the sensor. An alternative embodiment may include two or more conductive induction lines that are connected to respective separate pairs of input leads. Alternatively, two or more conductive induction lines may connect to one another to form an induction coil. The flux generator and magnetic sensor are preferably formed on a single substrate to create an integrated device.

Provided is a coating and developing apparatus composed of an assembly of plural unit blocks. A first unit-block stack and a second unit-block stack are arranged at different positions with respect to front-and-rear direction. Unit blocks for development, each of which comprises plural processing units including a developing unit that performs developing process after exposure and a transfer device that transfers a substrate among the processing units, are arranged at the lowermost level. Unit blocks for application, or coating, each of which comprises plural processing units including a coating unit that performs application process before exposure and a transfer device that transfers a substrate among the processing units, are arranged above the unit blocks for development. Unit blocks for application are arranged in both the first and second unit-block stacks. Unit blocks for application which a wafer goes through are determined depending on the layering positional relationship between an antireflective film and a resist film. An exposed wafer goes only through the unit block for development without going through any one of the unit blocks for application.

A toner showing a high transferability and suitable for use in cleanerless image forming system is formed of toner particles comprising at least a binder resin and magnetic iron oxide. The toner is characterized by a specific circularity distribution relative to its weight-average particle size and a controlled degree of surface-exposed magnetic iron oxide providing an extract solution with hydrochloric acid showing an absorbance of 1.0-2.5 at a wavelength of 340 nm. The toner is suitably produced by a production system including a rotary mechanical pulverizer and a one-pass surface treatment apparatus for continuously applying a mechanical impact force to pulverized toner particles therein.

An electrical signal processing device includes at least one thin film flux generator and at least one thin film magnetic sensor. Each flux generator includes at least one conductive induction line that is connected to at least one lead of a pair of input leads, and a yoke that surrounds the conductive induction line. The yoke has at least one pair of pole tips, and a gap is disposed between the end surfaces of each pair of pole tips. A magnetic sensor is disposed in the gap, and a pair of output leads is connected to the sensor. An alternative embodiment may include two or more conductive induction lines that are connected to respective separate pairs of input leads. Alternatively, two or more conductive induction lines may connect to one another to form an induction coil. The flux generator and magnetic sensor are preferably formed on a single substrate to create an integrated device.

An object of the present invention is to provide a toner having high dispersibility of an azo pigment in a binder resin and a good color tone, having suppressed image fogging and high transfer efficiency, and providing a stable image for a long time. The toner including toner base particles, each of which includes: at least a binder resin, a compound in which a specific bisazo skeleton unit bonds to a specific polymer resin unit, and an azo pigment as a colorant.

A method for producing a toner, the method including discharging a toner composition liquid from a plurality of nozzles to form liquid droplets thereof, the toner composition liquid being prepared by dissolving or dispersing in a solvent a toner composition containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, an acid-modified hydrocarbon wax and an unmodified hydrocarbon wax, the waxes serving as a releasing agent, and solidifying the liquid droplets so as to form solid particles.

A toner of the present invention is a toner comprising an additive and a toner matrix that contains a binder resin, a colorant, and a wax, in which the additive contains an inorganic micropowder to whose surface polysiloxane and at least one selected from fatty acids and derivatives thereof are adhered. Thus, the present invention provides the toner, a two-component developer, and an image forming method with which oil-less fixing is possible without the use of an oil on a fixing roller. Furthermore, the present invention provides the two-component developer that causes less carrier deterioration by toner-spent even when used in combination with a toner containing wax or another such release agent and thus the developer has good durability. In addition, the present invention provides the toner, the two-component developer, and the image forming method with which partial transfer defects are reduced and high transfer efficiency can be obtained.

Provided is a black toner which has improved dispersibility of carbon black in a binding resin and has a high coloring power. Also provided is a black toner which suppresses fogging and has high transfer efficiency. The toner includes a toner particle containing a binding resin, a compound in which a polymer moiety is bound to an azo skeleton, and carbon black as a coloring agent.

The first photoelectric cell of the present invention comprises: an insulating base having on its surface an electrode layer (1), the electrode layer (1) having on its surface a metal oxide semiconductor film (2) on which a photosensitizer is adsorbed; an insulating base having on its surface an electrode layer (3), the electrode layer (1) and the electrode layer (3) arranged opposite to each other; and an electrolyte sealed between the metal oxide semiconductor film (2) and the electrode layer (3), wherein at least one of the electrode-having insulating bases is transparent; and the metal oxide semiconductor film (2) comprises anatase titanium oxide particles. This first photoelectric cell includes a semiconductor film comprising anatase titanium oxide particles, having a high proportion of photosensitizer adsorbed, so that the electron mobility in the semiconductor film is high to thereby realize excellent photoelectric transfer efficiency. The second photoelectric cell of the present invention comprises: an insulating base having on its surface an electrode layer (1), the electrode layer (1) having on its surface a metal oxide semiconductor layer (2) on which a photosensitizer is adsorbed; an insulating base having on its surface an electrode layer (3), the electrode layer (1) and the electrode layer (3) arranged opposite to each other; and an electrolyte sealed between the metal oxide semiconductor layer (2) and the electrode layer (3), wherein conductive protrusions (4) jutting from the surface of the electrode layer (1) exist, the metal oxide semiconductor layer (2) formed so as to cover the conductive protrusions (4) and the electrode layer (1), and at least one of the electrode-layer-having insulating bases is transparent. In this second photoelectric cell, conductive protrusions are provided on the electrode surface, so that generated electrons not only can rapidly move toward the electrode but also are free from recombining with the photosensitizer. Moreover, in this photoelectric cell, not only is the adsorption proportion of photosensitizer high but also the moving of generated electrons is smooth. Therefore, the second photoelectric cell exhibits excellent photoelectric transfer efficiency.

To provide a color toner which is effective in mitigating contamination of a charging member, which is good at low temperature fixing in high-speed copying, and which is excellent in blocking resistance and electrification stability in continuous copying. Provided is a color toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, and a releasing agent, in which: (i) the binder resin contains at least a polyester unit; (ii) a weight average particle diameter of the color toner is greater than 6.5 μm and equal to or less than 11 μm; (iii) an average circularity A of particles in the color toner each having a circle-equivalent diameter of 3 μm or more satisfies the relationship of 0.915≦A≦0.960; (iv) a permeability B (%) of the color toner in a 45 vol % aqueous solution of methanol satisfies the relationship of 10≦B≦70; and (v) an endothermic curve obtained through differential thermal analysis (DSC) measurement of the color toner has one or multiple endothermic peaks in the temperature range of 30 to 200° C., and a temperature Tsc of the highest endothermic peak of the one or multiple endothermic peaks satisfies the relationship of 65° C.<Tsc<105° C.

An apparatus and method for forming and controlling a pattern for spraying surfaces with a fluid uses a rotary atomizer spray head having an air shaping ring with shaping air nozzles inclined in a direction of rotation of a bell cup to direct the air onto the cup surface near the cup edge. The air shape ring optimizes the shape air control to create a stable, focused pattern that minimizes robot speed while maintaining high transfer efficiency. Nozzles extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the bell cup can be provided. Selection of the shaping air flow rate produces broad, collapsed and tubular spraying patterns.

A power transmission system includes a loosely coupled air core transformer having a resonance frequency determined by a product of inductance and capacitance of a primary circuit including a primary coil. A secondary circuit is configured to have a substantially same product of inductance and capacitance. A back EMF generating device (e.g., a battery), which generates a back EMF with power transfer, is attached to the secondary circuit. Once the load power of the back EMF generating device exceeds a certain threshold level, which depends on the system parameters, the power transfer can be achieved at higher transfer efficiency if performed at an operating frequency less than the resonance frequency, which can be from 50% to 95% of the resonance frequency.

An optical platform including optical bench, an optical or photonic coupling device and a photonic circuit. The photonic circuit includes a photonic crystal along a waveguide and / or defect. The coupling device may be a waveguide or impedance matching interconnection device. The optical bench includes a rectangular trench to seat an optical fiber and provide alignment with the photonic circuit.

An image receiver element includes a water-soluble or water-dispersible polyurethane binder in the image receiving layer. This polyurethane has a Tg of from about 60 to about 80° C., a molecular weight of at least 25,000, and an acid number of from about 16 to about 35 mg KOH / g. Moreover, the polyurethane comprises from about 42 to about 60 weight % of recurring urethane units, from about 8 to about 20 weight % of alkylene glycol recurring units, from about 18 to about 40 weight % of carbonate recurring units having aliphatic side chains, and from about 3 to about 15 weight % of recurring units having a water-soluble or water-dispersible acid group, based on total binder weight.

The present invention is a carrier for electrophotography in which a surface of at least a core material is coated with a resin, in which the coating resin contains a fluorine modified silicone resin and an aminosilane coupling agent, and in which the carrier charges a toner negatively. Consequently, a carrier with a high durability and a long lifetime for electrophotography is provided, in which the charge amount does not decrease at high temperature or high humidity nor extremely increase at low temperature or low humidity, in which a deterioration of a developing agent caused by stripping of a coating layer is prevented, and in which a deterioration caused by formation of spent toner of a toner is not caused.

The present invention is directed to an image-receiving layer comprising a polyester, or a polyester blend, which exhibits excellent lightfade and high dye transfer efficiency, as well as low materials cost. In particular, the invention relates to an image recording element comprising a support having on one side thereof an image-receiving layer comprising a polyester comprising at least 0.1 mole percent of a multifunctional polyol having more than two hydroxy groups and / or a polyacid having more than two carboxylic acid groups, including derivatives thereof, based on the total acid derived units. The invention is useful, for example, as a dye-receiver element for thermal dye transfer having on one side of the support a dye-image receiving layer. The polyester is especially advantageous for use in dye-receiving layers that are extruded instead of solvent-coated.

An object of the present invention is to provide: an electrophotographic member which enhances image quality, prevents the lowering of a grade of an image even when images have been repeatedly output, and can remarkably enhance the stability of the grade of the image; an intermediate transfer member; and an image forming apparatus. The electrophotographic member includes a base layer and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer has a binder resin, perfluoropolymer fine particles, a fluorocarbon resin dispersing agent and a particular fluorine compound, wherein the perfluoropolymer fine particle has a fluorine compound carried on its surface.

A solid-state imaging device includes: plural photodiodes formed in different depths in a unit pixel area of a substrate; and plural vertical transistors formed in the depth direction from one face side of the substrate so that gate portions for reading signal charges obtained by photoelectric conversion in the plural photodiodes are formed in depths corresponding to the respective photodiodes.

A welded intermediate transfer belt and process for making the same having a substrate made primarily of at least one polyimide polymer. The weld may be ultrasonically or otherwise welded and may have favorable properties such as relatively thin seam thickness and small weld steps. The weld may be overlapped or miter cut.

To provide a toner, containing: a binder resin; a crystalline polyester resin; a colorant; and wax, wherein the toner has a fluidized powder characteristic value of 35% to 45%, and a BET specific surface area of 2.8 m2 / g to 4 m2 / g, and wherein the toner has an intensity ratio P2850 / P828 of 0.10 to 0.20, where P2850 is an intensity of a peak at 2850 cm−1 which is attributed from the wax and the crystalline polyester resin, and P828 is an intensity of a peak at 828 cm−1 which is attributed from the binder resin, as measured by total reflectance infrared spectroscopy.

Provided is a toner, including toner particle having surface layer, in which: the surface layer includes organosilicon polymer which has a partial structure represented by formula (1); in 29Si—NMR measurement of tetrahydrofuran-insoluble matter of toner particle, a ratio of a peak area for the partial structure represented by formula (1) to a total peak area for the organosilicon polymer is 5.0% or more; in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis of a surface of toner particle, a ratio of a density of a silicon atom dSi in the surface of toner particle is 1.0 to 28.6 atom %; and in a roughness curve of toner particle measured by using a scanning probe microscope: an arithmetic average roughness Ra is 10 to 300 nm; σRa / Ra is 0.60 or less; an average length RSm of a roughness curve element is 20 to 500 nm; and σRSm / RSm is 0.60 or less.

Shock waves occurring when opening a gate valve between two vacuum chambers and peeling of particles by a viscous force taking place when a gas is supplied into a vacuum chamber are necessary to be suppressed by the apparatus and method of the invention, whereby contamination of a substrate by particles is suppressed. If one vacuum chamber is a substrate processing chamber for performing a vacuum process on the substrate and the other chamber is a transfer chamber having a substrate transfer device therein, the gate valve is opened when inner pressures of both the vacuum chambers are less than 66.5 Pa and higher one thereof is less than twice a lower one thereof. Preferably, a purge gas for peeling of particles is supplied, before supplying the purge gas for pressure control, into the substrate processing chamber with a flow rate greater than that of the purge gas for pressure control.

An apparatus and method for forming and controlling a pattern for spraying surfaces with a fluid uses a rotary atomizer spray head having an air shaping ring with shaping air nozzles inclined in a direction of rotation of a bell cup to direct the air onto the cup surface near the cup edge. The air shape ring optimizes the shape air control to create a stable, focused pattern that minimizes robot speed while maintaining high transfer efficiency. Nozzles extending parallel to the axis of rotation of the bell cup can be provided. Selection of the shaping air flow rate produces broad, collapsed and tubular spraying patterns.

The method of manufacturing toner for electrophotography includes the steps of dissolving or dispersing a toner composition containing a resin and a coloring agent into polymerizable monomers to provide a solution or a dispersed system, emulsifying the solution or the dispersed system with a first surface active agent in an aqueous medium to provide an emulsion, and polymerizing the polymerizable monomers in the emulsion to obtain toner. A second surface active agent having polarity opposite to polarity of the first surface active agent is added after the emulsifying step.

A photoelectric transfer material, manufacturing method thereof, photoelectric transfer element and manufacturing method thereof are provided. In an organic photoelectric transfer element of an organic solar cell or other like device, the photoelectric transfer material is composed of a conductive polymer such as MEH-PPV, electronic acceptor such as a fullerene derivative and antenna porphyrin aggregate. The photoelectric transfer material can be made by coating a mixed solution of the conductive polymer, electron acceptor and antenna porphyrin aggregate by spin coating, for example. This photoelectric transfer material and a photoelectric transfer element using the material exhibit high photoelectric transfer efficiency because of small electric resistance and high sunlight usage efficiency, and simultaneously exhibit stability.