The invention relates to a
diameter-changing and friction-reducing
drill column centralizer which comprises an upper connector, a lower connector, an inner tubular column and an outer tubular column. The inner tubular column is internally connected between the upper connector and the lower connector, and the outer tubular column is externally connected between the upper connector and the lower connector; a tapered
barrel is sleeved between the upper connector and the lower connector in a sliding and sealing mode, the tapered
barrel is formed by integrating a cylinder section and a
circular cone section, and the outer
diameter of the lower portion of the
circular cone section is tapered; a tension spring is sleeved on the inner tubular column on the upper side of the tapered
barrel, and the tapered barrel is connected to the lower portion of the upper connector through the tension spring; a through hole is arranged on the tubular wall of the inner tubular column on the upper portion of the tapered barrel; a plurality of punched holes are circumferentially arranged on the tubular wall of the outer tubular column in a
ring mode, a centralizing column is arranged in each punched hole in a sealing and sliding mode, an inner end surface of the centralizing column contacts with an outer surface of the
circular cone section of the tapered barrel and is provided with a contact surface which is matched with the outer surface of the circular cone section; and a
flange is arranged on the outer wall of the centralizing column in a
ring mode, and a compressed spring is sleeved between the
flange and the inner wall of the outer tubular column. By means of the centralizer, outer diameters can be real-timely attached to a well wall, centering degrees, drilling qualities and efficiencies of a drilling rod in a drilling well can be improved, and the centralizer is provided with a friction-reducing function.