The invention relates to the field of biomedical diagnosis, in particular to an application of a 
carbonic anhydrase-2 as a detection marker in a diagnosis of 
kidney stones. The diagnosis of 
kidney stones is carried out by detecting the content and the activity of the 
carbonic anhydrase-2, wherein the 
carbonic anhydrase-2 comprises a plurality of species and subtypes which have a 
high homology, sothat a same effect can be achieved when detecting different species and subtypes. According to the application of the carbonic anhydrase-2 as the detection marker in the diagnosis of 
kidney stones, the situation that a 
urine carbonic anhydrase-2 is significantly elevated in patients with 
kidney stones is verified, and healthy people and renal tumor patients can be clearly distinguished; meanwhile,the diagnosis value of the 
urine carbonic anhydrase-2 in finding the patients with 
kidney stones is further verified, and the 
urine carbonic anhydrase-2 has the advantages of being high in diagnosissensitivity and specificity, convenient to detect and the like; and whether a patient with 
kidney stones has a risk of recurrence or not can also be judged and thus being discovered as soon as possible, so that a clinical doctor can conveniently give the corresponding prevention and control measures, and the economic burden and physical pain of the patient are alleviated.