The sliding disc type axial plunger pump comprises a flow distribution sliding disc pair, a plunger pair and a flow distribution pair, the flow distribution sliding disc pair comprises a swash plate and a sliding disc supported on the swash plate, the sliding disc is of an integral structure, kidney-shaped holes communicated with center holes of plungers are formed in the sliding disc, and the plunger pairs are arranged in the kidney-shaped holes. A low-pressure oil distribution hole serving as an oil inlet channel is formed in the portion, opposite to the low-pressure plunger hole, of the swash plate supporting face, static pressure supporting is formed by the portion, opposite to the high-pressure plunger hole, of the swash plate supporting face and a kidney-shaped hole of the sliding plate, and the low-pressure oil distribution hole is communicated with a shell cavity through an oil inlet groove formed in the swash plate. Low-pressure oil enters a plunger hole of the cylinder body from a low-pressure flow distribution opening and an oil inlet groove or a groove-shaped low-pressure opening of the swash plate in a double-way mode, high-pressure oil is discharged from a high-pressure flow distribution opening of the flow distribution plate or a groove-shaped high-pressure opening of the swash plate in a single-way mode, and suction and discharge of hydraulic oil are achieved. The axial stress of the bearing can be further reduced, the stress working condition of the bearing is improved, the self-suction capacity is improved, the oil temperature is reduced, the working reliability of the plunger pump is improved, and the working life of the plunger pump is prolonged.