The invention belongs to the technical field of water quality analysis and environment protection, is applied to analysis on anions and cations in common water quality and relates to a mobile type anion and cation analysis device for analyzing concentrations of anions and cations in water quality samples. The device comprises a shell, a leacheate bottle, a plunger pump, a capturing column, a leacheate generator, a self-regeneration capturing column, a degassing box, a six-way valve, a protection column, an analysis column, an inhibitor, an electric conductivity detector, a UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) power supply, a cabinet door and a meter head. By adopting the analysis device, leacheate in the leacheate bottle is fed through the capturing column, the leacheate generator, the self-regeneration capturing column, the degassing box, the six-way valve, the protection column, the analysis column, the inhibitor and the electric conductivity detector in sequence through the plunger pump, and sample analysis is achieved in analysis modes of the six-way valve.