The invention relates to a composite crystal change modification method of a cotton fabric. According to the method, the cotton fabric is placed in a closed container, a modification medium is added, pressure is raised to modification pressure, then, the pressure is released instantly, the combined effect of vacuumization, high-speed centrifugal rotation and drafting and microwave is used for removing the modified medium, and therefore a composite crystal change and modified cotton fabric can be obtained. According to the crystal change and modified cotton fabric, pores are increased, degree of crystallinity is reduced, the fabric is soft, and size stability, flexibility, dyeing performance and the like of products are improved; the method of pressure instant release is adopted, and the fluffiness and flexibility of the fabric are improved greatly; the combined effect of vacuumization, high-speed centrifugal rotation and drafting and microwave is adopted, therefore, fabric quality is further improved, and modification efficiency is greatly improved.