The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for monitoring 
harmonic waves of a 
power grid of a dredge boat. The method comprises the steps of obtaining original power signals in the 
power grid, extracting measurement quantity of the 
harmonic waves of the original power signals in the 
power grid each time, calculating the 
optimal estimation value (please see the formula in the specification) of the amplitude of the hth 
harmonic wave at the moment k according to measurement quantity (please see the formula in the specification) of the hth harmonic wave at the moment k, calculating a 
covariance matrix (please see the formula in the specification) of the 
optimal estimation value (please see the formula in the specification), according to the 
optimal estimation value (please see the formula in the specification), calculating the harmonic 
distortion rate (THD) k at the moment k, and according to the harmonic 
distortion rate of each time, judging the quality of the power signals of the power grid. According to the embodiment, on the basis of the conventional 
Kalman filtering algorithm, a correction factor gamma is introduced to express dredging operation environment, a robust 
Kalman filtering algorithm on the basis of a fuzzy self-
adaptation optimizing reasoning model is built, one-step prediction and 
estimation of the harmonic data of the power grid are completed, robustness of a power grid harmonic 
monitoring system is obviously improved, the optimal 
estimation value of the harmonic 
distortion rate is made to be closer to the original power signals, finally, the quality of the power grid is judged according to the harmonic distortion rate, and the accuracy of judgment is improved.