The invention discloses a machining device and method for a double-layer casing of an aero-engine. The device comprises an end surface gland, a shell, an inner sleeve, movable tensioning blocks, an air bag, a supporting rod, supporting arm nuts, supporting arms, a connecting seat, a ball head guiding rod, an inner hole fixing claw, an outer stand column, a transverse top head and a pressing plate.A turning and milling compound machining method is adopted, when an inner hole and an end surface are turned, the mode that an outer supporting is matched with the air bag for tensioning is adopted,and when an outer boss is milled, the mode that an inner supporting is matched with the air bag for tensioning is adopted; and according to the machining device, the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the similar thin-wall double-layer casing can be achieved, and it is ensured that the circular degree of the casing meets the requirement.