The invention discloses a method of inhibiting growth of lithium dendrites through organic compound coating. The method comprises the following specific steps of: coating an organic compound on the surface of metal lithium to serve as a protective layer, and directly applying the protective layer to a battery negative electrode. On one hand, the organic compound is rich in Lewis acid functional groups and can interact with anions in an electrolyte, the moving speed of the anions is decreased, and the influence of space charges on the surface of a negative electrode is relieved, so that dendrite growth is inhibited, and on the other hand, lithium ion distribution can be adjusted due to rich lithium-philic elements, the phenomenon that the local lithium ion concentration is too high is reduced, and dendrite growth is inhibited. Therefore, when the coated lithium metal is used in the lithium battery, the coulombic efficiency and the discharge capacity of the battery can be effectively improved, the polarization of the lithium battery is reduced, and the service life of the lithium secondary battery is prolonged.