The invention discloses a linkage type rotary workpiece fast clamping structure which comprises a first rod body, a second rod body, a first guide rod, a second guide rod, a first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism. The structure of the first rod body and the structure of the second rod body are set, a first clamping block, a second clamping block, a third clamping block and a fourth clamping block are installed on the first rod body, a fifth clamping block, a sixth clamping block, a seventh clamping block and an eighth clamping block are installed on the second rod body, the first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism drive the first rod body and the second rod body to rotate, thus, the first clamping block and the second clamping block move oppositely, the third clamping block and the fourth clamping block move oppositely, the fifth clamping block and the sixth clamping block move oppositely, the seventh clamping block and the eighth clamping block move oppositely, and accordingly, workpieces can be clamped rapidly or loosened rapidly. The structure is simple and compact, and the clamping blocks have good co-movement property.