The invention relates to an evaluating platform and an evaluating method for a fire smoke parameter of cable in multiple scenes. The evaluating platform comprises a cable duct well simulation chamber, a radiation heating device, a refractory ceramic plate, an analytical balance, an overload over-current simulating device, a temperature measuring device, a gas analyzing device, an optical smoke density measuring device, a data collecting system, an integrated control console, a frequency conversion fan and a smoke collecting pipeline, wherein a measuring end of the optical smoke density measuring device comprises a red light direct emitting, blue light direct emitting and scattering light source; a to-be-detected cable is arranged on the refractory ceramic plate and a power source is switched on, two thermocouples are arranged on the surface and interior of the to-be-detected cable, the balance, the optical smoke density measuring device and the gas analyzing device are debugged and analyzed, the air speed of the frequency conversion fan is selected, the overload, over-current and/or external heat source radiation firing scene is selected and the simulation test is started. According to the invention, various firing scenes can be simulated on a same platform and the compound research on the fire cable quality loss, temperature change, smoke component and smoke shading property of the cable can be performed.