The invention discloses an ultrasonic correction system and method for a heliostat. Ultrasonic waves are emitted to the heliostat surface of the heliostat of which the posture needs to be corrected according to the characteristic that the ultrasonic waves propagate along a straight line and the ultrasonic wave ranging principle, reflected ultrasonic waves are received, correction values of the altitude angle and the azimuth angle of the heliostat are obtained by comparing the theoretical propagation time with the actual propagation time of the ultrasonic waves at different positions, and the heliostat is corrected and adjusted. According to the ultrasonic correction system and method for the heliostat, 24-hour uninterrupted work can be achieved and is not influenced by the construction progress of a heat absorber or a light spot rectifying plate, installing work, adjusting work and correcting work of a heliostat field can be synchronously conducted, the effect of shortening the construction period of a whole power station is obvious, and in the running period of the power station, normal work of the heliostat in the daytime can not be influenced when the heliostat is corrected at night. The ultrasonic correction system and method for the heliostat have the technical characteristics that the correction efficiency is high, correction can be conducted all day, the correction erroris small, the running and maintaining cost is low, and the correction precision is stable.