The invention provides a device of a material sample solidification test for simulating a microgravity environment. The device comprises a vacuum vessel (1), an electrostatic suspension control and release device (2), a heater (3), a temperature measuring instrument (4), a short drop pipe (5), a recovery tray (6) and a camera (7), wherein the vacuum vessel (1) is a vacuum closed vessel; the electrostatic suspension control and release device (2) is arranged on top inside the vacuum vessel (1) and is used for controlling a material sample to stay in a suspension state or a dropping state; the material sample drops into the recovery tray (6) through the short drop pipe (5), and the recovery tray (6) is arranged on the bottom of the vacuum vessel (1); the heater (3), the temperature measuring instrument (4) and the camera (7) are arranged outside the vacuum vessel (1), and the heater (3) is used for heating the sample to be in a molten state; the temperature measuring instrument (4) is used for measuring the temperature of the material sample; the temperature measuring instrument is connected with the electrostatic suspension control and release device (2) through a signal wire.