The present invention belongs to the technical field of
alkali metal ion batteries, and discloses a negative
electrode of a
lithium /
sodium ion battery with a dual gradient structure and a preparation method thereof. The dual gradient negative
electrode is a double gradient sandwich structure constructed by a
current collector modified with a strong
lithium /
sodium-philic conductive layer at the bottom of the negative
electrode, an
active layer in the middle of the negative electrode, and a
lithium /
sodium-phobic insulating
passivation layer at the top of the negative electrode, wherein the bottom of the negative electrode is lithium / sodium-philic and conductive, the middle negative electrode
active layer has moderate lithium / sodium-philicity and
conductivity, and the top is lithium / sodium-phobic and insulating. By introducing a conductive and lithium / sodium-philic component at the bottom of the negative electrode with a low lithium / sodium
nucleation barrier, after the negative electrode
active layer accommodates lithium / sodium, it can induce excess lithium / sodium ions to nucleate and grow from the bottom of the negative electrode, avoid lithium / sodium
precipitation on the surface of the negative electrode, effectively utilize the lower layer space of the negative electrode, realize dual-phase lithium / sodium storage, and greatly improve the specific capacity and cycle life of the negative electrode. At the same time, the insulating lithium-repellent
passivation layer on the negative electrode surface is not only thin, but also well preserves the original pore structure of the negative electrode active layer, and has little effect on the wettability of the
electrolyte and the
diffusion process of lithium / sodium ions. Moreover, the insulating lithium-repellent property effectively hinders the reduction growth of lithium / sodium on the electrode surface. The synergistic effect of the dual-gradient structure not only greatly improves the specific capacity of the negative electrode through the dual-phase lithium / sodium storage characteristics, but also prevents the occurrence of lithium / sodium
precipitation on the surface, significantly improving the cycle performance of the battery.