57 results about "F-ratio" patented technology

A method for the preparation of high strength air-dried organic aerogels. The method involves the sol-gel polymerization of organic gel precursors, such as resorcinol with formaldehyde (RF) in aqueous solvents with R / C ratios greater than about 1000 and R / F ratios less than about 1:2.1. Using a procedure analogous to the preparation of resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogeis, this approach generates wet gels that can be air dried at ambient temperatures and pressures. The method significantly reduces the time and / or energy required to produce a dried aerogel compared to conventional methods using either supercritical solvent extraction. The air dried gel exhibits typically less than 5% shrinkage.

A system and method for maximizing a vehicle's fuel efficiency preferably without inconveniencing the driver, includes maximizing a ratio of a real-time parameter proportional to engine load or engine power to fuel flow or air flow rate referred to herein as the P / F ratio. This ratio is calculated to evaluate engine fuel efficiency. With the system and method, the throttle is operated incrementally to increase or decrease the throttle in a manner to maximize the P / F ratio, thus maximizing fuel efficiency, in a pulse phase. The system and method implement an on and off pulse width modulation (“PWM”) style of control to modulate engine power and acceleration to achieve the speed that the driver desires, based on the position of the accelerator pedal. When the desired speed is achieved, the throttle is released and when the speed drops a sufficient amount, the throttle is re-engaged to reach the desired speed again. When the throttle is disengaged or when the driver releases the accelerator pedal, the system and method implement a glide phase, where the vehicle coasts without use of fuel or in neutral with very limited use of fuel and minimum engine drag.

A leakage detecting apparatus includes a re-circulating passage for re-circulating an exhaust gas from an exhaust system to an air intake system in the engine, a re-circulating valve disposed in the re-circulating passage to control a flow rate of the re-circulating exhaust gas, and an A / F ratio sensor for detecting an A / F ratio of the exhaust system. An electronic control unit detects an operation amount of the re-circulating valve and calculates correlation between the operation amount and output of the A / F ratio sensor to determine a leakage in the re-circulating passage. The correlation is obtained by an inner product calculation of a vector of deviations of a time-sequence vector of the operation amount relative to a moving average and a vector of deviations of a time-sequence vector of the output of the A / F ratio sensor relative to a moving average. Leakage in the re-circulating passage is detected when an accumulated value of the inner product values over a predetermined period exceeds a threshold value.

A system and a method for decreasing a rate of slag formation at predetermined locations in a boiler system are provided. The boiler system has a plurality of burners, a plurality of slag detection sensors, a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of CO sensors disposed therein. The system determines locations within the boiler system that have relatively high slag thickness levels utilizing the plurality of slag detection sensors and then adjusts A / F ratios or mass flows of burners affecting those locations, or adds slag reducing additives to the burners affecting those locations, to decrease a rate of slag formation at the locations, utilizing signals from the plurality of slag detection sensor, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of CO sensors.

A feed pump 28 that is driven by the axial torque of an internal combustion engine 10 is installed. An electric scavenge pump 36 is installed. A base value for the ratio (S / F ratio) between the discharge volume of the scavenge pump 36 and feed pump 28 is calculated. The base value is corrected so that the S / F ratio is lower in a region where the engine speed is high than in a region where the engine speed is low. The discharge volume of the scavenge pump 36 is controlled in accordance with the S / F ratio that is corrected in the above manner.

A cooling process integration method for accelerating a laminar cooling device belongs to the technology field of steel plate laminar cooling. The process includes the following steps: establishing a function of the water ratio between upper and lower collectors, which varies with the flow rate and the thickness: F ratio is equal to f (thickness, Top-flow); redesigning the KTS2 value which ranges from 1 to 9 of the seventh bit in the self-adaption program segment of the ACC secondary automation model program; figuring out the distance from the head part of the steel plate to the center line of the rolling mill based on the roller table speed and the moving time of the steel plate on the roller table; and screening the unstable PDI date sent in the pony-roughing pass by the PDI data sent to the ACC steel plate only in the last pass through modifying the triggering condition of the pre-computation in the ACC automation control system; meanwhile, receiving only the PDI data of the steel plate in the last pass and pre-computation without comparing the two PDI data of the same steel plate by ACC; and moreover, reducing the starting conditions of the ACC automation cooling so as to solve the problem that the steel plate fails to cool due to inability to meet all the conditions.

An exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine is provided. The exhaust emission control system comprises a catalytic converter disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine, a wide-range A / F ratio sensor disposed in the exhaust passage at a location downstream of the catalytic converter for detecting an A / F ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine, and a control unit including a detecting section for detecting the degree of water gas reaction caused in the catalytic converter and a correcting section for correcting a detected value of the A / F ratio on the basis of the degree of water gas reaction.

The invention provides an engine controller, which can determine a deterioration mode (gain deterioration or response deterioration) of an air / fuel (A / F) ratio sensor, can detect a degree of the deterioration with high accuracy, and can optimize A / F ratio feedback control in accordance with the diagnosis result. The controller includes a unit for computing frequency response characteristics in a range from an A / F ratio adjusting unit to the A / F ratio sensor, and it diagnoses the A / F ratio sensor based on a gain characteristic and a response characteristic given by the computed frequency response characteristics. In accordance with the diagnosis result, parameters (P- and I-component gains) used in A / F ratio feedback control (PI control) are optimized.

The invention discloses high-F-ratio leech oligopeptide and an enzymatic hydrolysis preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preliminarily cleaning dried leech bodies, removing impurities and carrying out high-speed crushing; (2) pre-soaking raw materials with alkali; (3) carrying out enzymatic hydrolysis by using double enzymes consisting of alkali protease AlcalaseAF 2.4L and papain; (4) statically adsorbing and removing aromatic amino acids by using active carbon powder; and (5) carrying out further separation and purification by using a gel filtration chromatographic column, collecting a separation product and then carrying out freeze drying so as to obtain leech oligopeptide powder with a molecular weight of less than 2000 Da and an F ratio (Fishcer ratio, i.e., a ratio of the mole content of branched-chain amino acids to the mole content of aromatic amino acids) of more than 20. According to the invention, preparation process is simple, two commercial enzymes consisting of alkali protease and papain are selected and used, industrial production can be easily realized, high yield is obtained, and the high-F-ratio leech oligopeptide has a certain anticoagulation effect and increases a novel source for high-F-ratio products.

A feed pump 28 that is driven by the axial torque of an internal combustion engine 10 is installed. An electric scavenge pump 36 is installed. A base value for the ratio (S / F ratio) between the discharge volume of the scavenge pump 36 and feed pump 28 is calculated. The base value is corrected so that the S / F ratio is lower in a region where the engine speed is high than in a region where the engine speed is low. The discharge volume of the scavenge pump 36 is controlled in accordance with the S / F ratio that is corrected in the above manner.

When control conditions are satisfied, an A / F value is estimated from an average value of rotation speed Ne and an increasing rotation speed DeltaNe calculated. The estimated A / F value as a base is obtained from the average value of the rotation speed Ne, and a correction value for the estimated A / F value is obtained from the increasing rotation speed DeltaNe. Then, a fuel increment / decrement correction coefficient gamma and an air increment / decrement correction coefficient beta are calculated, and used in the control of A / F ratio toward a target A / F value based on a final estimated A / F value.

A reformer system comprising a conventional hydrocarbon reformer; a controllable fuel supply system; a controllable air supply system; an oxygen sensor disposed downstream of the reformer; and control means for receiving input from the oxygen sensor and setting the flow values for fuel and air. During start-up of the reformer, air and fuel are mixed in a stoichiometric ratio, typically about 14.5 / 1 A / F for a typical alkane fuel, the heat of combustion being maximum at the stoichiometric ratio. The mixture is combusted ahead of the reformer for typically about 20 seconds, and the hot exhaust is passed through the reformer. After the combustion event, combustion is terminated and the A / F ratio is lowered to about 5 / 1 to allow reforming to occur. Once the desired fuel flow rate for combustion is established it can be stored in computer memory as a starting value for subsequent starting events.

The invention discloses a method for determining carrier phase integer ambiguity in satellite navigation. The method for determining the carrier phase integer ambiguity comprises the steps that firstly, the F value checked through F-Ratio and the W value checked through W-Ratio are calculated, the F value checked through F-Ratio is calculated according to the formula shown in the specification, and the W value checked through W-Ratio is calculated according to the formula shown in the specification, wherein according to the relational expressions shown in the specification, is the floating point solution of ambiguity, is the variance-covariance matrix of the ambiguity, is the searched integer ambiguity value with the minimum mean square residual error, is the second integer ambiguity value, L is the double-difference observation quantity, P is the weight matrix, A is the direction matrix, is the pseudorange difference solution, and m is the dimensionality of the double-difference observation quantity; secondly, the worked out F value and the worked out W value are compared with the corresponding threshold values respectively, and therefore the effectiveness of the ambiguity is judged. The ambiguity misjudgment and judgment omission caused by the inner and outer error of a model can be effectively restrained, the ambiguity resolving success rate can be effectively improved, the ambiguity fixing time can be shortened, and the system can obtain a high-precision positioning and orienting result easily.

When control conditions are satisfied, an A / F value is estimated from an average value of rotation speed Ne and an increasing rotation speed DELTANe calculated. The estimated A / F value as a base is obtained from the average value of the rotation speed Ne, and a correction value for the estimated A / F value is obtained from the increasing rotation speed DELTANe. Then, a fuel increment / decrement correction coefficient gamma and an air increment / decrement correction coefficient beta are calculated, and used in the control of A / F ratio toward a target A / F value based on a final estimated A / F value.

A system and a method for decreasing a rate of slag formation at predetermined locations in a boiler system are provided. The boiler system has a plurality of burners, a plurality of slag detection sensors, a plurality of temperature sensors and a plurality of CO sensors disposed therein. The system determines locations within the boiler system that have relatively high slag thickness levels utilizing the plurality of slag detection sensors and then adjusts A / F ratios or mass flows of burners affecting those locations, or adds slag reducing additives to the burners affecting those locations, to decrease a rate of slag formation at the locations, utilizing signals from the plurality of slag detection sensor, the plurality of temperature sensors, and the plurality of CO sensors.

A system, a method, and an article of manufacture for adjusting temperature levels in predetermined locations in a boiler system are provided. The boiler system has a plurality of burners and a plurality of temperature sensors and CO sensors disposed therein. The system determines locations within the boiler system that have relatively high temperature levels utilizing the plurality of temperature sensors and then adjusts A / F ratios of burners affecting those locations to decrease the temperature levels at the locations while maintaining CO levels at or below a threshold level.

The invention concerns a method for controlling at least one of a fuel supply and an air supply to an internal combustion engine (1), in a fuel supply section thereof, such that an A / F-ratio is adjusted automatically to a desired level. Moreover, the method is activated at a speed close to a cut-out speed threshold (52) where the engine speed will fluctuate around the threshold (52) and the method comprises the steps of:receiving engine speed data on rotational speed from the engine (1),briefly changing the A / F ratio,comparing engine speed data that are essentially unaffected by the brief change to engine speed data that are affected by the brief change to evaluate the impact on the engine speed fluctuation resulting from the brief change,adjusting the A / F ratio in the same direction as the brief change if the engine speed data affected by the brief change indicates an increase in acceleration after combustion / s, andadjusting the A / F ratio in the opposite direction to the brief change if the engine speed data affected by the brief change indicates a decrease in acceleration after combustion / s.

The invention provides an engine controller, which can determine a deterioration mode (gain deterioration or response deterioration) of an air / fuel (A / F) ratio sensor, can detect a degree of the deterioration with high accuracy, and can optimize A / F ratio feedback control in accordance with the diagnosis result. The controller includes a unit for computing frequency response characteristics in a range from an A / F ratio adjusting unit to the A / F ratio sensor, and it diagnoses the A / F ratio sensor based on a gain characteristic and a response characteristic given by the computed frequency response characteristics. In accordance with the diagnosis result, parameters (P- and I-component gains) used in A / F ratio feedback control (PI control) are optimized.

An engine system includes an engine, a fuel system that communicates with the engine, and a controller that communicates with the fuel system. The controller controls a first quantity of liquid fuel to the engine at a first A / F ratio and a second quantity of vapor fuel to the engine at a second A / F ratio during a predetermined period after start-up. The liquid and vapor fuel mixture has a third A / F ratio. The controller determines an available A / F ratio of vapor fuel within the fuel tank and performs a comparison with a target A / F ratio range. The second quantity is set to zero if the A / F ratio of the vapor fuel is outside of the target A / F ratio range. The controller adjusts the first and second quantities based on a comparison between an exhaust A / F ratio and a target exhaust A / F ratio.

The invention relates to a discriminative feature extraction method applied to language identification, which comprises the steps of calculating an F-ratio index for training a frame-level phoneme posterior probability feature vector of centralized voice data in a training stage, wherein the F-ratio index reflects the contribution of each dimension in the phoneme posterior probability feature vector for language discrimination; and extracting a phoneme posterior probability feature vector for voice to be tested in a testing stage, and performing feature weighting on the extracted phoneme posterior probability feature vector according to the F-ratio index.

A polymerization medium having small ozone depletion potential and small global warming potential and having a small chain transfer constant is used, to efficiently produce a fluoropolymer having a high molecular weight and having excellent heat resistance, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, etc. A process for producing a fluoropolymer, which comprises polymerizing a fluoromonomer having a carboxylic acid type functional group and a fluoroolefin using a hydrofluorocarbon as a medium, wherein the hydrofluorocarbon as the medium has 4 to 10 carbon atoms and has a ratio (molar basis) of the number of hydrogen atoms / the number of fluorine atoms (H / F ratio) of from 0.05 to 20.

The invention discloses a method for preparing high F ratio oligopeptide by fermenting ground sleeve-fish by using bacillus natto. The method comprises the following steps: fermenting the ground sleeve-fish by using the bacillus natto, performing enzymolysis, and adsorbing by using activated carbon to prepare the high F ratio oligopeptide. The method disclosed by the invention is simple and feasible, the production cost is low, and the prepared product has high F ratio, is free from odor, uniform in color and luster, easy to be absorbed by a human body, and high in biological value and nutritional value.

A polymerization medium having small ozone depletion potential and small global warming potential and having a small chain transfer constant is used, to efficiently produce a fluoropolymer having a high molecular weight and having excellent heat resistance, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, etc.A process for producing a fluoropolymer, which comprises polymerizing a fluoromonomer having a carboxylic acid type functional group and a fluoroolefin using a hydrofluorocarbon as a medium, wherein the hydrofluorocarbon as the medium has 4 to 10 carbon atoms and has a ratio (molar basis) of the number of hydrogen atoms / the number of fluorine atoms (H / F ratio) of from 0.05 to 20.

A resist damage free dry-etching process is proposed. A time duration defined until bias electric power is applied is controlled according to a plasma ignition detection signal. Wafer back-side gas pressure for a certain constant time after starting of an etching process operation is set to be lower than that as to a main etching condition. Within the time duration defined after starting of the etching process operation up to a certain constant time, CxFy gas having a lower C / F ratio than that of the main etching condition is employed, or a flow rate of the CxFy gas is lowered. The above-described parameter values are controlled every wafer according to an amount of radicals contained in the plasma being monitored. A unit for preheating a wafer is installed in a wafer transporting system.

The invention relates to a fuel control strategy for heating a catalyst. Concretely the invention provides a control system for an engine, comprising a catalyst heat module and a fuel control module, wherein the engine comprises N cylinders in first and second banks includes a catalyst heat module and a fuel control module. N is an integer greater than two. The catalyst heat module selectively operates the engine in a catalyst heat mode to heat a catalyst. The fuel control module, throughout a fuel injection sequence for each of the N cylinders, adjusts a first air / fuel (A / F) ratio for the first bank to a rich value and adjusts a second A / F ratio for the second bank to a lean value.

A resist damage free dry-etching process is proposed. A time duration defined until bias electric power is applied is controlled according to a plasma ignition detection signal. Wafer back-side gas pressure for a certain constant time after starting of an etching process operation is set to be lower than that as to a main etching condition. Within the time duration defined after starting of the etching process operation up to a certain constant time, CxFy gas having a lower C / F ratio than that of the main etching condition is employed, or a flow rate of the CxFy gas is lowered. The above-described parameter values are controlled every wafer according to an amount of radicals contained in the plasma being monitored. A unit for preheating a wafer is installed in a water transporting system.

An internal combustion engine is operated with a predetermined fixed A / F ratio in an operating range where the amount of intake air is not larger than a predetermined value but, in an operating range where the amount of intake air is larger than the predetermined value, the internal engine is operated with a variable lean A / F ratio which increases from the fixed A / F ratio as the amount of intake air increases. To achieve this, in a throttle valve (7a) whose opening is controlled based on a signal from an accelerator pedal position sensor (17), control is performed so that the correspondence ratio between the accelerator pedal position and the throttle valve opening increases as the A / F ratio increases. In the operating range where the engine is operated with a variable lean A / F ratio, the amount of intake air is increased by using a turbocharger (2). Then, fuel atomization is promoted by controlling the intake air cooling effect of an intercooler (6) so that the temperature of the intake air rises as the A / F ratio increases.

Disclosed herein is a class of gas carburettor (9) for low calorific value gas for A / F ratio control to be used engines operating on producer gas with a load following capabilities. The gas carburettor has A / F ratio from 1.2:1 for producer gas to about 5:1 for biogas. The gas carburettor of the present invention has right A / F control at varying load conditions due to its optimized dimensions at the throat (7) and area ration control flapper (6) along with the zero pressure regulators. Additionally, using a by-pass facility starting the engine is established. By the use of a zero pressure regulator on the gas line, the gas pressure in the air and gas lines are maintained nearly the same downstream of the carburettor which helps in managing the appropriate air-to-fuel ratio based on the gas and air passage areas.