85 results about "Ion-permeable membranes" patented technology

A device as described for the generation of high purity carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) by electrochemical decomposition of aqueous solutions of liquid and solid organic acids. A d.c. power source is used to apply a preselected current to an electrochemical cell, consisting of an ion permeable membrane and two electrodes. The generation rate of CO2 and H2 is continuous and proportional to the applied current; it can be stopped instantaneously by interrupting the current. Small Battery operated generators can produce propellant CO2 and H2 to deliver fluids from containers. Other uses include the creation of anaerobic environments in incubation chambers.

An electrodeionization apparatus is provided comprising an ion-concentrating compartment partially bounded by an anion permeable membrane and also partially bounded by a cation permeable membrane, and a first ion exchange material domain disposed within the ion-concentrating compartment, wherein the first ion exchange material domain is contiguous with at least a portion of an ion-concentrating compartment side surface of one of the anion permeable membrane and the cation permeable membrane, and is spaced apart from the other one of the one of the anion permeable membrane and the cation permeable membrane. In the case where the one of the anion permeable membrane and the cation permeable membrane, having the at least a portion of an ion-concentrating compartment side surface with which the first ion exchange material domain is contiguous, is an anion permeable membrane, the first ion exchange material domain is an anion exchange material predominant domain. In the case where the one of the anion permeable membrane and the cation permeable membrane, having the at least a portion of an ion-concentrating compartment side surface with which the first ion exchange material domain is contiguous, is a cation permeable membrane, the first ion exchange material domain is a cation exchange material predominant domain.

A method and apparatus for generating electrolyzed water easy to carry out or handle even in ordinary homes. An electrolyte aqueous solution is circuited through a first electrolysis chamber 3a of two electrolysis chambers placed on opposite sides of an ion-permeable membrane 2, and raw water is supplied only to the second electrolysis chamber 3b. A voltage is applied between electrodes 7a and 7b to cause electrolysis. Electrolyzed water generated in the second electrolysis chamber 3b is drawn out. The concentration of the electrolyte aqueous solution circulated through the first electrolysis chamber 3a is maintained within a predetermined range. The membrane 2 is an anion-exchange membrane. The electrolyte aqueous solution is circulated through the first cathode-side electrolysis chamber 3a; raw water is supplied only to the second anode-side electrolysis chamber 3b; and acid electrolyzed water generated in the anode-side electrolysis chamber 3a is drawn out. The electrolyte aqueous solution is NaCl or KCl aqueous solution. The concentration is maintained within the predetermined range by adding hydrochloric acid according to the pH of the NaCl or KCl solution or the amount of reaction of this solution computed from the amount of energization during the electrolysis.

An improved device and method for the creation of acidic electrolyzed water is described. The device has an flow-through anode chamber and a static cathode chamber. The static cathode chamber contains a fixed amount of salt-containing electrolyte, which is renewed as needed. The flow rate of water through the anode is restricted to a range of about 5 to 40 ml per ampere of current passed through the electrode. Electrolyzed water flowing from the anode is diluted to obtain the desired concentration of hypochlorous acid, and is collected in a tank or other vessel. The electrolysis reaction is terminated when a preset amount of current has passed through the anode. Water circulation may be one pass or recycling. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is anion-selective. Preferably, the membrane and the electrodes are integrated into a preassembled format that can be attached to the anode and cathode compartments via flanges or similar devices allowing quick replacement of an electrode assembly in an electrolyzer. The anion-permeable membrane can be protected by a protection membrane, in which are provided slits or other discontinuities to allow venting of gas.

Electrolyzed water producing method and apparatus are provided which are capable of producing electrolyzed water having a desired property irrespective of the quality of raw water supplied and the like while allowing the size and weight of the apparatus and the cost to be reduced by limiting the capacity of an electrolysis power source. The electrolyzed water producing method includes: circulating an aqueous electrolyte solution to a first electrolytic chamber of a pair of electrolytic chambers opposed to each other across an intervening ion permeable diaphragm while supplying raw water to the second electrolytic chamber; and applying a predetermined voltage to a pair of electrodes disposed in the respective electrolytic chambers with the diaphragm intervening there between, to electrolyze the raw water and the aqueous electrolyte solution, thereby producing electrolyzed water in the second electrolytic chamber.

The present invention relates to a method for removing inhibitor compounds from a cellulosic biomass-to-ethanol process which includes a pretreatment step of raw cellulosic biomass material and the production of fermentation process water after production and removal of ethanol from a fermentation step, the method comprising contacting said fermentation process water with an anode of a microbial fuel cell, said anode containing microbes thereon which oxidatively degrade one or more of said inhibitor compounds while producing electrical energy or hydrogen from said oxidative degradation, and wherein said anode is in electrical communication with a cathode, and a porous material (such as a porous or cation-permeable membrane) separates said anode and cathode.

Provided is an electrolysis cell and an electrolyzed water producing equipment which are each small in size, has excellent electrolysis efficiency and can reduce an anion concentration in acidic electrolyzed water. The electrolysis cell is equipped with electrolysis rooms 10a and 10b located opposite to each other via an ion permeable membrane 2, raw water supply units 11a and 11b, electrodes 3a and 3bdisposed with the membrane interposed therebetween, and electrolyzed water discharge units 12a and 12b. The membrane 2 is an anion permeable film. The electrodes 3a and 3b are formed so as to firmly adhere to both surfaces of the anion permeable membrane 2 and expose a portion of the anion permeable membrane 2. Only raw water fed to the electrolysis room 10b on the cathode side contains an electrolyte. The electrodes 3a and 3b are porous and they each has an electrode base material made of a powdery titanium compound such as TiC or TiN, a catalyst such as platinum black or iridium black and a binder such as PVA. The electrodes 3a and 3b may be mesh-shaped or comb-shaped. The electrodes 3a and 3b are formed by applying a conductive paste containing conductive powders onto the surfaces of the anion permeable membrane 2, followed by heating or pressurization.

[PROBLEMS] To provide a microbial fuel cell whose parts can be replaced without lowering the energy recovery efficiency and a membrane cassette for microbial fuel cells. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A negative electrode (10) supporting anaerobic microorganisms (11) is immersed in an organic substrate (S). A positive electrode (15) sealed together with an electrolyte (D) in a closed hollow cassette (20) having an outer shell (25) at least a part of which is formed of an ion-permeable membrane (21), an inlet (22), and an outlet (23) or connected to the inner side of an ion-permeable membrane (21) is inserted into the organic substrate (S). While oxygen (O) is supplied into the cassette (20) through the inlet (22) and the outlet (23), electricity is taken out through a circuit (18) electrically interconnecting the negative and positive electrodes (10, 15). Preferably, the outer shell (25) of the closed hollow cassette (20) is a hollow outer shell frame (25) having an opening (26) which is closed by stretching an ion-permeable membrane (21), an inlet (22), and an outlet (23), and the ion-permeable membrane (21) is a membrane/electrode assembly (MEA) formed integrally with the positive electrode (15).

A process for preparing a solid state electrolyte used in an electrochemical capacitor includes the steps of: (a) preparing a prepolymer composition which includes a water-retaining polymer component and a film-forming hydroxyl-containing polymer component; (b) subjecting the prepolymer composition to a crosslinking reaction so as to form a polymer matrix membrane including a polymer matrix and an ion-permeable film; and (c) treating the polymer matrix membrane with an aqueous solution which includes a plurality of positive and negative ions so as to permit the positive and negative ions to permeate the ion-permeable film to be retained in the polymer matrix, thereby forming the solid state electrolyte.

The invention particularly relates to a method for an electric field to absorb and purify a liquid crystal. The method adopts an electric field absorbing and purifying device which is provided with the following three intervals: a cathode solvent chamber, an anode solvent chamber and a middle purifying chamber. Ion permeable membranes are respectively arranged between the cathode solvent chamber and the middle purifying chamber, and between the anode solvent chamber and the middle purifying chamber. A negative electrode is inserted in the cathode solvent chamber, and a positive electrode is inserted in the anode solvent chamber. When the device is applied for purification, liquid crystal material solution is arranged in the middle purifying chamber, absorbing agents and solvents are respectively arranged in the cathode solvent chamber and the anode solvent chamber, DC or AC electricity is switched on between the two electrodes, and finally high-purity liquid crystal materials are extracted. The invention combines the applied electric field method with the absorption method and carries out centralized as well as combined absorption under the function of the applied electric field by respectively utilizing the characteristics and advantages of the two methods, thereby solving the problems that high-resistivity liquid crystal materials are difficult for purification and cannot be continuously as well as stably operated.

There is provided an electrolyzed water generator capable of performing electrolysis in a stable manner for a long period of time. The electrode set (100) with a membrane in the electrolyzed water generator has membrane supporting plates (105a, 105b) by which an ion permeable membrane (103) is secured and two electrodes (102a, 102b) disposed on both sides of the membrane (103). The two electrodes (102a, 102b) are pressed and secured by a clip to a spacing portion disposed at the openings of the membrane supporting plates (105a, 105b). As a result, since the distance between the two electrodes (102a, 102b) is kept constant, even if electrolyzed water is repeatedly generated a hundred times, the degradation of the characteristics of the electrolyzed water is not recognized.

A power storage system or a power storage device that can restore reduced capacity is provided. The power storage device includes a first exterior body, a first electrode, a second electrode, a first electrolyte solution, and a carrier ion permeable film. The first electrode, the second electrode, and the first electrolyte solution are covered with the first exterior body. The first electrode and the second electrode are in contact with the first electrolyte solution. The first electrolyte solution includes carrier ions. A first opening is provided in the first exterior body. The carrier ion permeable film is provided to be in contact with the first electrolyte solution and so as to block the first opening without any space. The carrier ion permeable film is configured to be impermeable to water and air but permeable to the carrier ions.

A flow battery is described, including a catholyte in the form of an aqueous solution of at least one salt of a halogen oxoacid compound; and an anolyte that includes an eletrochemically-active material capable of participating in a reduction-oxidation (redox) reaction with the catholyte salt; along with an intervening ion-permeable membrane. A unique cathode used in the battery or for other purposes is also described, along with a method of providing electrical energy to a device, system, or vehicle, using the flow battery.

An alkali-ion battery is provided with a transition metal cyanometallate (TMCM) sheet cathode and a non-alkaline metal anode. The fabrication method mixes TMCM powders, conductive additives, and a polytetrafluoroethylene binder with a solution containing water, forming a wet paste. The wet paste is formed into a free-standing sheet of cathode active material, which is laminated to a cathode current collector, forming a cathode electrode. The free-standing sheet of cathode active material has a thickness typically in the range of 100 microns to 2 millimeters. The cathode electrode is assembled with a non-alkaline metal anode electrode and an ion-permeable membrane interposed between the cathode electrode and anode electrode, forming an assembly. The assembly is dried at a temperature of greater than 100 degrees C. The dried assembly is then inserted into a container (case) and electrolyte is added. Thick anodes made from free-standing sheets of active material can be similarly formed.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a supercapacitor based on an ultrathin two-dimensional nickel hydroxide nano material. By taking the ultrathin two-dimensional nickel hydroxide nano material as an active substance, the preparation method of the supercapacitor comprises the following steps of dispersing the active substance, a conductive agent and a binder in a dispersing agent according to certain mass ratio, performing ultrasonic treatment, mixing uniformly, applying the mixture to a battery-grade current collector, and performing vacuum drying and tableting, thus preparing a supercapacitor electrode; and soaking the electrode in an electrolyte for more than 10 hours, performing activating treatment, and assembling to form an asymmetrical supercapacitor with a carbon material as a counter electrode and an ion permeable membrane as a diaphragm, or assembling to form an analog supercapacitor with a large-area platinum sheet as the counter electrode and a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode, or performing electrochemical performance testing investigation in an alkaline electrolyte. The prepared supercapacitor has ultrahigh specific capacity, good rate capability and long cycle life, and particularly can meet the general requirements of new energy electric automobiles, thereby being a supercapacitor with most application foreground.

The invention relates to a polyethylene ion permeable membrane and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following materials by weight part: 30-35 parts of silicon dioxide, 10-15 parts of polyethylene, 1-1.5 parts of color batch, 50-55 parts of stuffing bulking agents, and 0.1-0.2 part of antioxidant; the materials are uniformly mixed in a material mixing system, the mixed material is fed to a double screw extrusion machine uniformly through a discharging machine, and the material is discharged after being pressurized and melted by the double screw extrusion machine; the discharged mixture is formed by a forming machine, the formed semi-finished polyethylene ion permeable membrane is arranged in an oil extractor which is filled with trichloroethylene, so as to carry out oil control to the permeable membrane; the permeable membrane after oil control is carried out is dried, surface-activated, rolled and post-processed for obtaining finished products. The method has the advantages of low electric resistance, small bore diameter, high aperture ratio, uniform pore distribution; the permeable membrane has strong anti-piercing performance, corrosion resisting performance and oxidation resistance, and the whole production process is clean without pollution.