The invention discloses a catalyst for non-carrier high-activity high-selectivity ammoxidation preparation of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, wherein the catalyst has a composition of VaCrbMcOx, M is one selected from Fe, Al, W, Ti, Mo, Co and the like, a is 1, b is 0.1-0.9, c is 0.1-0.9, b+c is 1, and based on the value of x, the algebraic sum of the valence of the positive and negative elements in thecatalyst is zero. According to the present invention, by using the hydrothermal synthesis, the uniform dispersion of the active species of the catalyst is promoted; and the catalyst is prepared by using the hydrothermal method, the calcination decomposition process does not exist, the disadvantages of non-uniform active substance and requirement of high-temperature calcination decomposition of the impregnation method are avoided, and the yield and the selectivity of the catalytic product are not reduced.