The invention discloses a method and equipment for controlling top coal cavability with pulse hydraulic fracturing. According to the method, advantages of methods of pulse fracturing and common hydraulic fracturing are combined, a crack network is generated in coal through pulse hydraulic fracturing firstly, secondly, the crack network is further expanded through common large-displacement hydraulic fracturing, then a coal structure can be sufficiently transformed, the top coal breakage degree can be reduced, and the top coal cavability can be improved. The equipment disclosed by the inventioncomprises a small-displacement pulse pump and a large-displacement common pump which are controlled through a three-way valve and a switch valve, in construction, one path of the pulse pump is firstlycommunicated, a common high-pressure pump pipeline is closed, a pulse channel is closed after pulse fracturing is completed, and a common fracturing channel is opened. By adopting the method and theequipment, sufficient cracks can be generated in top coal, an effect of weakening the top coal can be achieved, the top coal cavability can be improved, the top coal cavability breakage degree can bereduced, convenience in construction is achieved, safety and reliability are achieved, and resource waste can be reduced.