The invention discloses a preparation method of a rocuronium bromide intermediate and rocuronium bromide. According to the method, (2beta,3alpha,5alpha,16beta,17beta)-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)androstane-3,17-diol is used as an initial raw material, and is subjected to selective acetylation with glacial acetic acid under the action of a condensing agent to obtain (2beta,3alpha,5alpha,16beta,17beta)-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)androstane-3,17-diol-17-acetate, and then (2beta,3alpha,5alpha,16beta,17beta)-2-(4-morpholinyl)-16-(1-pyrrolidinyl)androstane-3,17-diol-17-acetate issubjected to salt formation with 3-bromopropene in a protic solvent under the action of a basic catalyst to obtain rocuronium bromide. The preparation method adopted in the invention is mild in reaction conditions, simple in post-treatment, and suitable for large-scale industrial application.