The invention discloses a goaf fire preventing and extinguishing method based on
wind flow distribution and
dry ice phase change. The method comprises the following steps that the
wind flow intersection condition of a goaf and a
coal face is measured; detecting the influence range when the
dry ice is sublimated into CO2 gas in a laboratory; putting
dry ice in the goaf; during
stoping, after the goaf roof collapses, the goaf roof
coal rock falls onto the heat preservation box filled with the dry ice, the heat preservation box is broken, and the dry ice is buried by the goaf roof
coal rock and sublimates to form CO2 gas which is diffused all around for
fire prevention and extinguishment. According to the method, the heat preservation boxes filled with the dry ice are arranged in the direction parallel to the coal face and are divided into sections according to
wind flow intersection in the goaf, and it is guaranteed that CO2 gas formed after sublimation of the dry ice is evenly distributed in the goaf to the maximum extent. The dry ice in the heat preservation box does not generate
phase change when being located in a heat dissipation zone, and sublimates after being smashed by goaf roof coal rocks after falling down when being located in an
oxidation zone where
spontaneous combustion is most likely to happen, and accurate
fire prevention and extinguishing are achieved.