The invention discloses an adaptive echo cancellation method adopting memory proportionate affine projection and based on M-estimation. The adaptive echo cancellation method comprises the following steps: A, a remote signal is sampled; B, in echo estimation, a filter input vector X(n) passes through an adaptive filter and an output value y(n), namely an echo estimation value y(n), is obtained and equal to XT(n)w(n); C, in echo cancellation, a near-end signal d(n) with the echo, acquired by a near-end microphone and the output value y(n) of the adaptive filter are subjected to subtraction operation, and a return signal, namely a residual signal e(n), is returned to a far end and equal to d(n)-y(n); D, in updating of a tap weight vector of the filter, the method adopting memory proportionate affine projection and based on M-estimation is used and the tap weight vector w(n+1) of the adaptive filter at next moment n+1 is calculated and equal to w(n)+mu P(n)(UT(n)P(n)+delta IK)-1 psi [E(n)]; E, n is set to be n+1, and the steps B, C and D are repeated until a call is ended. The method has a good cancellation effect on an acoustic echo of a communication system and is high in convergence speed and small in steady-state error.