The invention discloses a method for detecting veterinary drug residues in fish meat, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a sample solution: taking and homogenizing fish meat, adding an acetonitrile aqueous solution containing formic acid, standing for 5-25 minutes, adding homogeneous protons, performing vortex oscillation for 20-40 minutes, centrifuging for 3-7 minutes, taking supernate, enabling the supernate to pass through a reversed-phase solid-phase extraction column, collecting effluent, blow-drying the effluent by N2 gas, adding an initial mobile phase, dissolving and filtering to obtain a test solution; and (2) detecting by adopting an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. According to the method, through a specific sample pretreatment method and an instrument analysis method, veterinary drug residues cover mainstream veterinary drug types such as hormone and macrolide antibiotics and zeranol compounds, and the detection sample range is increased to bulk consumer fish species with complex matrixes such as turbots, mandarin fishes, snakeheaded fishes and grass carps; and the method is simple and rapid, low in cost, high in accuracy and good in stability.