The invention discloses a railway vehicle and an underframe structure thereof. The chassis structure comprises underframe edge beams, a floor, an end beam, a first sleeper beam, and a second sleeper beam, wherein the underframe edge beams are parallelly and oppositely arranged, and the end beam are arranged at one end of the structure. The upper portion of the middle part of the underframe edge beams is provided with a middle door hole, and the lower portion of the middle part of the underframe edge beams is provided with a mounting cavity, wherein the mounting cavity is used for mounting mobile pedals. A stair reinforcing device comprises cross beams, a short longitudinal beam and a long longitudinal beam, wherein the cross beams are arranged on the two sides of the middle door hole and used for connecting the two oppositely-arranged underframe edge beams, and the upper portions of the cross beams are in plug-in connection with the floor. The short longitudinal beam is connected to the cross beams at two sides, the long longitudinal beam is connected with the first sleeper beam and the cross beam corresponding to one side of the first sleeper beam, and the distance from the firstsleeper beam to the cross beam corresponding to one side of the first sleeper beam is not greater than that from the second sleeper beam to the cross beam corresponding to one side of the second sleeper beam. According to the railway vehicle and the underframe structure thereof, due to the force transfer between the long longitudinal beam, the cross beams and the short longitudinal beam, the bearing capacity, especially anti-longitudinal impact capacity, of underframe edge beams at the portion of the middle door hole is improved, thus meeting collision requirements when accidental collision occurs between vehicles; in addition, the problem of insufficient strength and rigidity in a middle-arranged vehicle door and a stair rear underframe structure can be solved.