The invention discloses a high-temperature large-temperature-difference steel structure roof truss and a construction method of a pottery clay plate in the lower inclined surface of the roof truss. The steel structure roof truss comprises I-steel of the steel structure roof truss, T-shaped aluminum keel, the pottery clay plate, hooks, an aluminum corner connector, a main galvanized steel square keel and a galvanized steel corner connector, a first bolt and a pad are arranged between the aluminum corner connector and the T-shaped aluminum keel, the aluminum corner connector is provided with a long round hole, and the first bolt penetrates the long round hole and the pad is additionally arranged so that the aluminum corner connector is fixed to the T-shaped aluminum keel. According to the high-temperature large-temperature-difference steel structure roof truss and the construction method of the pottery clay plate in the lower inclined surface of the roof truss, a connection method is changed, the long round hole is used, the first bolt and pad are used for connection, an expansion-contraction stress can be released under a large-temperature-difference heat motion, routine construction can be carried out normally under the high temperature condition, the safety risk is low, the technical difficulty is low, operation is simple, work time is saved, the cost is reduced, and the quality is ensured.