40results about How to "Closer packing" patented technology

A falling off of a through electrode is inhibited without decreasing a reliability of a semiconductor device including a through electrode. A semiconductor device 100 includes: a silicon substrate 101; a through electrode 129 extending through the silicon substrate 101; and a first insulating ring 130 provided in a circumference of a side surface of the through electrode 129 and extending through the semiconductor substrate 101. In addition, the semiconductor device 100 also includes a protruding portion 146, being provided at least in the vicinity of a back surface of a device-forming surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 so as to contact with the through electrode 129, and protruding in a direction along the surface of the semiconductor substrate 101 toward an interior of the through electrode 129.

A “toggling” type of magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has memory stacks arranged in the X-Y plane on the MRAM substrate with each memory stack having a plurality of toggle memory cells stacked along the Z axis. Each memory stack is located at an intersection region between two orthogonal write lines. Each cell in the stack is a “toggle” cell that has its synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) free layer easy axis of magnetization aligned nonparallel with the X and Y axes and angularly spaced about the Z axis from the easy axes of magnetization of all the other SAF free layers in the stack. Each cell in a stack is magnetically separated from adjacent cells in the stack by a nonmagnetic separation layer. The magnetization direction of the free layer in a selected memory cell in a stack can be switched without switching the magnetization directions of the free layers in the other memory cells in the stack.

Organic / inorganic nanocomposites and methods for their preparation are disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of providing an organic / inorganic concentrate and processing the concentrate with a polymer resin. In a preferred embodiment the organic / inorganic concentrate and polymer resin are processed by extrusion using a single-screw extruder. In another embodiment, the method further comprises surface modifying an inorganic additive, mixing the modified additive with a polymer solution to produce an organic / inorganic solution, and removing solvent from the organic / inorganic solution to produce the organic / inorganic concentrate. Processing of the organic / inorganic concentrate with a polymer resin produces a homogeneous nanocomposite with superior mechanical and thermal properties.

The present invention is a wavelength-selective optical switching system. The switching system includes an input waveguide designated as waveguide WG(0) for receiving a multiplexed optical signal comprising optical signals transmitted over a plurality of wavelength channels represented by λ1, λ2, λ3, , λN, where N is a positive integer wherein the input waveguide extending over a first direction. The switching system further includes a two dimensional waveguide array comprising a plurality of first direction waveguides WG(i), i=1, 2, 3, , M extending over the first direction substantially parallel to the input waveguide WG(0) where M is a positive integer and a plurality of second direction waveguides WG′(j), j=1, 2, 3, N, extending over a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction and intersecting with the input waveguide and each of the first direction waveguide WG(i), i=0, 1, 2, 3, ,M, thus forming (M+1)×N intersections. The switching system further includes a plurality of wavelength selective grating-based switches SW(i, j) where i=0, 1, 2, 3, , M and j=1, 2, 3, , N, each disposed on one of the (M+1)×N intersections for selectively transmitting an optical signal of wavelength λj into a waveguide WG′(j) and for selectively transmitting an optical signal of a predefined combination of wavelengths into at least one of the waveguide WG(i) for i=1, 2, 3, M.

A “toggling” type of magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has memory stacks arranged in the X-Y plane on the MRAM substrate with each memory stack having a plurality of toggle memory cells stacked along the Z axis. Each memory stack is located at an intersection region between two orthogonal write lines. Each cell in the stack is a “toggle” cell that has its synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) free layer easy axis of magnetization aligned nonparallel with the X and Y axes and angularly spaced about the Z axis from the easy axes of magnetization of all the other SAF free layers in the stack. Each cell in a stack is magnetically separated from adjacent cells in the stack by a nonmagnetic separation layer. The magnetization direction of the free layer in a selected memory cell in a stack can be switched without switching the magnetization directions of the free layers in the other memory cells in the stack.

An energy absorption material, formed of a plurality of structural layers each formed of a substantially rigid material; a plurality of cushion layers interleaved with the structural layers, with each cushion layer formed of a substantially compressible material; wherein the cushion layers are coupled to adjacent structural layers; and one of the cushion layers and the structural layers is further positioned on a threat face of the energy absorption material.

A wedge-shaped receptacle (9) is provided for packaging felting needles (8). The wedge shape is configured in such a manner that the felting needles lie in the receptacle in a mutual lateral engagement, that is, they are held approximately parallel to one another and they firmly clamp one another without their tips abutting against the receptacle body. This, on the one hand, results in a particular protection of the felting needles (8) during transportation and, on the other hand, results in a simple handling with the lowest danger of injuries.

The invention provides series interconnected thin-film photovoltaic module and method of preparation thereof. The photovoltaic module includes photovoltaic cells that may be interconnected by a conductive member. The conductive member may electrically connect a top surface of a photovoltaic cell with the bottom surface of another photovoltaic cell, while contacting the photovoltaic cells along the bottom surfaces of the photovoltaic cells. The conductive member may connect the photovoltaic cells without coming between the cells. A photovoltaic cell may include an insulating layer and a collector electrode that may wrap around the side of the cell to cover at least a portion of the bottom of the cell.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention provide polymer compositions and methods for controlling a property of a resultant gel. A preferred method includes dissolving a vinyl polymer in a first solvent to form a solution; and contacting the vinyl polymer solution in a suitable volume of at least one immersion solvent comprising a second solvent to cause gelation. In preferred embodiments, the invention provides poly(vinyl alcohol) compositions and methods that produce physically crosslinked hydrogels that have tunable physical properties. Also provided are articles of manufacture such as prosthetic intervertebral disks and contact lenses.

A bioNEMS device comprises a piezoresistive cantilever having flexing legs of which attach the cantilever to a support and a biofunctionalized portion at the tip. A bias current applied to the legs is limited by a maximal acceptable temperature increase at the biofunctionalized tip. The length of the cantilever has a magnitude chosen to minimize background Johnson noise. A catalyzed receptor on the device binds to a ligand whose binding rate coefficient is enhanced. The catalyst lowers the receptor-ligand binding activation energy and is designed by forced evolution to preferentially bind with the ligand. A carrier signal is injected by a magnetic film disposed on the cantilever which is electromagnetically coupled to a source of the carrier signal. A plurality of NEMS fluidicly coupled transducers generate a plurality of output signals from which a collective output signal is derived, either by averaging or thresholding. The NEMS devices are disposed in microfluidic flow channels and fabricated in a membrane. A linking molecule is attached to the tip of the transducer and a fluffball attached to the linking molecule to increase damping.

An outputs signal, v(t), is generated from a bioNEMs transducer and mixed with a reference signal and then filtered to generate a correlator output, r(t). The correlator output is detected to generate a signal u(t) and then determined whether the signal u(t) satisfies a predetermined threshold. If qualified, it is then decided whether the signal u(t) represents a predetermined type of interaction between a free ligand in a fluid in which the NEMS device is immersed and a receptor attached to the transducer. The threshold is the Neyman-Pearson criterion based on a predetermined probability of false detection, Pfa. The interaction may be binding of a free ligand to the receptor or releasing a bound ligand from the receptor by competitive binding with the free ligand. The step of detecting comprises detecting the envelope of the signal, r(t).

The present invention involves a fabrication of ventilation-fan-ammonia-gas-removal-device and dual-function-ammonia-gas-removal-and-air-cooling-equipment for application to livestock confined facilities. The former is installed on the wall of livestock confined facilities to remove ammonia gas from ventilating air and the latter is installed inside the livestock confined facilities to remove ammonia gas and to cool air, suspending from the ceiling of livestock confined facilities. They are fabricated by assembling several plastic-rod-screen-fills which are made with plastic rods. Water supplied from the top of devices, flowing down on the surface of rods, cools air or absorbs ammonia gas and water vapor by contacting with air traveling transversely to the descent of water on the surface of plastic rods by means of forced draft. The dual-function-ammonia-gas-removal-and-air-cooling-equipment has high ammonia gas removal and air cooling efficiencies and also the ventilation-fan-ammonia-gas-removal-device high ammonia gas removal efficiency. Their fabrication methods are described in the present invention.

The present invention discloses a switching matrix configuration to reduce the optical propagation losses and coupling losses. The switching matrix comprises M horizontal waveguides interested with 2N vertical waveguides, where M and N are positive integers and the optical switching system is configured to receive a multiplexed input optical signal from a horizontal waveguide disposed next to an i-th horizontal waveguide where i is a closest integer to a positive real number M / 2.

Embodiments of the invention include additional compositions and related methods and devices for the use of phage-nanoparticle assemblies. Embodiments of the invention include compositions, methods and devices related to phage-nanoparticle assemblies and their use in a variety of methods including detection methods, in vitro and in vivo diagnostic methods, direct and / or indirect therapeutic methods, or combinations thereof. Phage-nanoparticle assemblies of the invention comprise a plurality of nanoparticles complexed with one or more phage particles to form a phage-nanoparticle assembly. In certain aspects, the phage-nanoparticle assembly may also include other agents, including but not limited to organizing agents and / or therapeutic agents.

An apparatus is disclosed for providing easier, more ergonomic access to parts stored in a shipping container to be used in a manufacturing environment. Shipping containers having trays with packaging cells for containing production parts may be accessed by a person whose responsibility it is to remove the parts from the container for use on an assembly line, for example. By enabling the trays containing packaging cells to be moved forward as parts are removed from the container, the person's job is rendered easier to access parts that would have otherwise remained at the rear of the container. In a preferred embodiment, the packaging cells or packs are arranged to slidably move closer to the person removing the parts.

Bulk CMOS RF switches having reduced parasitic capacitance are achieved by reducing the size and / or doping concentration of the switch's N-doped tap (N-Tap) element, which is used to conduct a bias voltage to a Deep N-Well disposed under each switch's P-Type body implant (P-Well). Both the P-Well and the N-Tap extend between an upper epitaxial silicon surface and an upper boundary of the Deep N-well. A low-doping-concentration approach utilizes intrinsic (lightly doped) N-type epitaxial material to provide a body region of the N-Tap element, whereby an N+ surface contact diffusion is separated from an underlying section of the Deep N-well by a region of intrinsic epitaxial silicon. An alternative reduced-size approach utilizes an open-ring deep trench isolation structure that surrounds the active switch region (e.g., the Deep N-well and P-Well), and includes a relatively small-sized N-Tap region formed in an open corner region of the isolation structure.

An optical device having a housing for one or more optoelectronic components, for example a semiconductor laser transmitter or a photodiode. The optoelectronic device, comprises an open-ended metal canister, an insulating substrate, at least one optoelectronic component mounted on the substrate, and one or more electrical connections made to the component(s). The insulating substrate closes the open end of the metal canister so that the metal canister and insulating substrate together form a housing for one or more of the components mounted on the substrate. The insulating substrate acts as a circuit board to carry the electrical connections from the component(s) externally of the housing. The canister has at least one optical port by which optical radiation may be transmitted into and / or out of the housing.

There is disclosed a coupling for a radiation source assembly that comprises an elongate radiation source and an elongate radiation transparent protective sleeve for receiving the elongate radiation source. The coupling disengages in two stages when it is desired to remove the elongate radiation source for servicing (or any other purpose). The coupling is disengaged from a first position in which a seal is made between the sleeve bolt element and the lamp plug element. When this action takes place, the lamp plug element is still secure with respect to the sleeve bolt element but since there is no seal between the two, any fluid which has flooded the elongate radiation source (e.g., due to breakage or other damage to the protective sleeve) will emerge from the coupling warning the operator not to fully disengage the lamp plug element from the sleeve bolt element. If no such fluid is seen by operator, the operator may continue to disengage the lamp plug element from the sleeve bolt element to withdraw the elongate radiation source from the elongate radiation transparent protective sleeve.

A field emission tip includes a base with a central portion and a tapered portion. The central portion of the base includes a peripheral surface, at least a portion of which is oriented substantially vertically or perpendicularly relative to a plane in which a substrate from which the field emission tip protrudes resides. An apex may be located at an exposed end of the central portion of the base. The tapered portion of the base includes an inclined surface that extends toward the exposed end of the central portion of the base. The tapered portion of the base may be formed from material that is redeposited as the emission tip is fabricated. The apex may be formed, at least in part, from a low work function material, such as one or more of aluminum titanium silicide, titanium silicide nitride, titanium nitride, tri-chromium mono-silicon, and tantalum nitride. Field emission arrays and field emission displays that include such field emission tips are also disclosed.

A haptic device includes a first signal generator embedded in a host and configured to generate a first haptic signal. A first waveguide is operatively connected to and configured to transmit the first haptic signal away from the first signal generator. A first integrator is operatively connected to the first waveguide and configured to receive the first haptic signal. The first waveguide and the first integrator are in mechanical communication with the host. The first waveguide may include a first bent portion characterized by a first bend angle. An additional waveguide may be configured to transmit the first haptic signal to the first integrator. The additional waveguide may include an additional bent portion characterized by a second bend angle. The haptic device may be part of a seat assembly, where the host is at least one of a seat bottom, a seat back and a head rest.