The invention discloses an operating method of a battery pack of an electric locomotive. A circuit in the method comprises a multi-way high-frequency transformer, a high-frequency rectification loop and additional charging circuits; during charging, charging current is distributed to the additional charging circuits of single batteries; the distributed charging current depends on the magnitude of voltage of each single battery, i.e., the higher the voltage of each single battery is, the lower the obtained charging current is, and the lower the voltage of each single battery is, the higher the obtained charging current is; during discharging, the additional charging circuits distribute additional current to the single batteries; the higher the voltage drop speed of each single battery is, the higher the obtained additional current is, and the lower the voltage drop speed of each single battery is, the lower the obtained additional current is. With the adoption of the method, high-current non-dissipative equalization can be achieved in charging and discharging processes of the battery pack; the consistency of the batteries within a life cycle is ensured to the greatest extent; the whole battery pack can still operate normally when few batteries have faults; and the service life of the battery pack is greatly prolonged.