The invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst synthesis, and particularly relates to a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supported alloy nano-catalyst and application of the nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supported alloy nano-catalyst to preparation of cyclopentanone by catalyzing furfural high-efficiency water-phase hydrogenation. The catalyst is composed of a carrier nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon and metals M1 and M2 loaded on the nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon, both the metals M1 and M2 are any one of Cu, Co, Fe, Ni, Al and Zn, the loading capacity in the catalyst is 5-30%, the catalyst is prepared by an impregnation method or an in-situ one-pot method, and the catalyst has a mesoporous structure, a relatively high specific surface area and a good pore structure, and can be used for preparing the catalyst. The catalyst can be recycled for multiple times, the catalytic efficiency is not obviously reduced, the cycle performance is relatively good, and the industrial production requirements are met. The catalyst is safe, non-toxic, green, efficient, environment-friendly and harmless to human bodies, meets industrial green production requirements and has a good application prospect.