The invention discloses an automatic ignition system and method for a synthesis furnace. The system includes a synthesis furnace, an ignition device and at least one flame monitoring device. The ignition device includes an ignition control box, a gas control cabinet, an ignition gun, a first cable, and a hydrogen delivery pipe And the air delivery pipe, the flame monitoring device includes an electric control box, a flame detector, and a second cable. The furnace wall of the synthesis furnace is provided with an ignition device fixing frame and a flame monitoring device fixing frame. On the fixed frame and the flame monitoring device fixed frame, the method includes installing the ignition gun, the ignition control box and the gas control cabinet, connecting the ignition control box and the gas control cabinet, the gas control cabinet and the ignition gun, the ignition gun and the ignition control box, installing and connecting the electric Control box and flame detector, connected to air, connected to hydrogen, energized and ignited, temperature and flame monitoring, have the advantages of simplicity, less faults, high ignition success rate, automatic control, etc., safe and reliable, with a service life of more than 15 years.