The invention discloses a railway vehicle driving system and a bogie. The device comprises a traction motor, a gear transmission device, an axle, a coupling sleeved on the axle, and a suspension cross beam; the gear transmission device comprises a small gear box body, a large gear box body, a small gear, an idle gear, an idle gear shaft, a large gear and a gear hub; the idle gear shaft is supported in the small gear box body, and the idle gear is supported on the idle gear shaft; the idle gear shaft is of a hollow structure, the large end of the idle gear shaft is fixedly connected with one side end of the small gear box body, and the small end of the idle gear shaft is inserted into the blind hole structure on the other side of the small gear box body; the bull gear is fixedly connected with the gear hub, and the bull gear and the gear hub are supported on the bull gear box body; and the small gear is in meshing transmission with the idle gear, and the idle gear is in meshing transmission with the large gear. The problems of fast steel rail abrasion, line deformation, sleeper breakage, abnormal wheel abrasion and the like caused by the conditions of the prior art can be solved.