The invention relates to destructive distillation and incineration furnace for destructive distillation of oil shale and burning of shale semicoke. In order to realize full-cycle destructive distillation of small-particle oil shale and complete burning of semicoke produced by the oil shale, a collecting port is formed in the inner side of a collecting channel in the wall of a preheating chamber, an exporting port is formed in the outer side, and a supporting arch bridge is arranged at the bottom of the preheating chamber; a gas injection port is formed in the inner side of a gas channel in the wall of a destructive distillation chamber, an importing port is formed in the outer side, and a supporting arch bridge is arranged at the bottom of the destructive distillation chamber; counter-rotating ratchet wheel coke feeders are arranged in a flow guiding chamber, and a flow guiding outlet is formed in the bottom; a discharge port is formed in an incineration chamber, a fine ash hopper communicated with the incineration chamber is arranged on the outer side, primary air nozzle pipes in importing grooves are connected with a primary air channel, and an importing pipe port is formed in the primary air channel; a water-cooled furnace grate is arranged in a cooling chamber, counter-rotating ratchet wheel residue removers are arranged in an ash residue discharge port in the bottom of a discharge chamber, and a secondary air introduction port is formed in the upper part. With the adoption of the furnace, the circulation flow of hot gas is effectively reduced, the calorific value of the gas is increased, the content of nitrogen in the gas is reduced, energy is saved, and consumption is reduced.