The invention relates to the technical field of no synchronous lines, in particular to a light curtain detection method and device without special synchronous lines, and the method comprises the steps: controlling a TX light curtain to emit a light source through employing a special lighting sequence and a lighting period, and completing one round of lighting; in the lighting process, through theRX, performing receiving synchronization; if synchronization fails, the RX receiving and selecting periodic continuous sampling of a head lamp at the first time; when signals exist for N times continuously, starting a timer, and after entering the timer, performing ADC data acquisition and comparison; if there is no signal for the first time and taillight signal collection for the second time succeeds, judging that synchronization succeeds, or otherwise, judging that synchronization fails in any other mode; if synchronization succeeds, calculating the state according to the collected signals,if synchronization fails and timeout occurs, directly judging that the state is shielded; and finally, outputting a result according to the light curtain state, and after output, the light curtain repeating the above steps. The method is simple, the number of cable cores and an anti-interference and protection circuit of the synchronous line can be reduced, the cost is reduced, and the performanceis consistent with that of a light curtain of the synchronous line.