The invention discloses an acid liquid collection device for polar plate production. The acid liquid collection device comprises an acid liquid collection mechanism, a preliminary sedimentation mechanism, a filter mechanism and an acid liquid storage mechanism, the acid liquid collection mechanism comprises a collection tank and a guide pipe, the preliminary sedimentation mechanism comprises a sedimentation pond, a mud discharge pipe, a mud discharge valve, a collection box and a first magnetic valve, the filter mechanism comprises a liquid inlet pipe, an acid pumping pump, a filter valve, anacid conveying pipe, a mud discharge pipe and a flowmeter, and the acid liquid storage mechanism comprises an acid liquid storage tank, a third liquid inlet, a second liquid level sensor, an acid outlet and a liquid drain valve. The invention further discloses an operation method of the device. The acid liquid sediments large-particle lead plaster through the sedimentation pond, the sedimented acid liquid is pumped into the filter valve by using the acid pumping pump, small-particle lead plaster is filtered by acid liquid through the filter valve, and is collected in the acid liquid storage tank along the acid conveying pipe, the secondliquid level sensor is arranged in the acid liquid storage tank, and the effect of monitoring the acid liquid reserve can be played. The whole device has high automation degree and high acid liquid collection efficiency.