The invention relates to a vector signal source plug-in card-type structural module based on a PCI extension for instrumentation (PXI) bus, which comprises a PXI interface circuit 1, a baseband signal generating circuit 2, a digital-to-analogue conversion circuit 3, a frequency synthesis circuit 4, an in-phase quadrature (IQ) vector modulation circuit 5 and an adaptive logic circuit (ALC) control and vector signal source output circuit 6 which are combined with an external plug-in card E to form a modular structural integrity. According to the software radio technology and the modular structural design principle of an integrated circuit, a mathematical model is established; a microwave and a high-speed digital processing chip are adopted to set required vector signal source frequency, amplitude and power to perform real-time calculation to generate modulation output. Technologically, the optimal shielding, grounding, decoupling, filtering and leakage prevention optimization design is adopted to realize the characteristics of reasonable layout, compact structure, skillful installation, wide expansibility, high adaptability, high reliability and the like, and the requirements of automatic testing and analysis of a traditional digital communication system are completely met, and the need of the development of the communication technology is adapted.