The invention discloses a portable PXI case and a portable PXI test system. The portable PXI case comprises an open case shell, a display part, a pivotal part, a power module, a PXI backboard, a display screen, a keyboard and a touchpad, and the display part, the pivotal part, the power module, the PXI backboard, the display screen, the keyboard and the touchpad are matched with the case shell; the display screen and the display part are integrated and pivotally connected with the case shell through the pivotal part; at least one outer surface of the case shell is provided with a handle; the PXI backboard, the power module, the keyboard and the touchpad are respectively arranged in the case shell; the PXI backboard is provided with a power interface, a plurality of PXI slots and a plurality of peripheral interfaces, the power module is connected with the PXI backboard through the power interface, and the keyboard, the touchpad and the display screen are respectively connected with the PXI backboard through the corresponding peripheral interfaces. The portability of the PXI case is increased, and therefore more convenience in use is brought to users.