A cellular constituent is lysed from, produced by and / or isolated from one or more 
bacteria from the 
genus Bacteroides, and the cellular constituent, a derivative thereof, and / or one or more 
bacteria from the 
genus Bacteroides, or a modified form thereof, is employed in compositions and methods for modulating an 
inflammatory response. Such methods include methods of treating, delaying the onset of or reducing the symptoms of one or more inflammatory conditions / diseases, including corporal or 
gastrointestinal inflammation, for example, 
Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Crohn's 
Disease, or 
colitis, and / or associated diseases such diabetes, 
asthma, 
multiple sclerosis, 
cancer, 
rheumatoid arthritis, 
gingivitis, atopic diseases, for example, 
hay fever, food allergies, eczema, rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, atopic syndrome and 
keratosis pelaris, ocular inflammatory 
disease, strokes, cardiovascular 
disease, depression, atherosclerosis and hypertension, and comprise administering a composition comprising one or more natural and / or modified 
bacteria of the 
genus Bacteroides, and / or a cellular constituent lysed from, produced by, or isolated from one or more natural and / or modified bacteria from the genus Bacteroides, or a derivative thereof.