291 results about "Blood flow volume" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of medical instruments, in particular to a marine war wound hemostasis fixing device which comprises a framework, a hemostasis module, a fixing module and an intelligent monitoring module are mounted on the framework, the framework comprises a plurality of angle-adjustable split arc-shaped assemblies, and the arc-shaped assemblies are connected in series through flexible connecting pieces; the hemostasis module comprises a gradient pressure air bag assembly, the gradient pressure air bag assembly comprises a central pressurizing bag and a peripheral stabilizing bag, the gradient pressure air bag assembly is communicated with a multi-stage air pump assembly, and the multi-stage air pump assembly is installed on one side of the framework; the intelligent monitoring module comprises a controller, an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor, a microwave blood flow sensor and a biological impedance monitoring electrode, and the multistage air pump assembly, the acceleration sensor, the pressure sensor, the microwave blood flow sensor and the biological impedance monitoring electrode are all in signal connection with the controller. The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides an efficient, reliable and intelligent solution for maritime war wound first aid.

The invention relates to the technical field of hemodialysis monitoring, and provides a hemodialysis on-line monitoring system and method, and the system comprises a data acquisition module which is used for collecting blood physiological parameters in a dialysis pipeline in real time; the blood component analysis module is connected with a blood loop of the dialysis machine and is used for detecting serum iron, ferritin and ferritin saturation indexes on line; and the data processing module is used for calculating the risk index of anemia, evaluating the iron utilization rate, constructing a model for measuring the iron deficiency erythropoiesis trend according to the collected and analyzed data, and training and optimizing the model. According to the method, individual parameters of patients are fused, personalized calculation is performed for iron metabolism rates and dialysis parameters of different patients, and data such as iron content, blood flow and dialysis fluid volume are acquired online in real time, so that iron concentration and infusion rate are accurately matched with real-time iron metabolism requirements of the patients, and anemia of the patients in the dialysis process is reduced.

Systems and methods can involve wedge dissectors attached to strips in turn attached to medical balloons, for forming serrations within vascular wall tissue for angioplasty as well reducing vessel recoil, reducing residual stenosis, and increasing volumetric blood flow post angioplasty. The design, methods of use, intended outcomes, and process to build this type of balloon is described herein.

The embodiment of the invention provides a continuous blood oxygen monitoring system in extracorporeal circulation and a control method thereof. The continuous blood oxygen monitoring system comprises a vein sensor, an artery sensor, a blood flow sensor, an oxygen sensor, a carbon dioxide sensor, a controller and a display, the vein sensor monitors the vein blood oxygen saturation degree; the artery sensor monitors arterial oxygen saturation and hematocrit; the blood flow sensor monitors the blood flow of the artery pipeline; the oxygen sensor monitors the oxygen concentration of the oxygenator; the carbon dioxide sensor monitors the carbon dioxide concentration of the oxygenator; the display provides an interaction control, responds to a trigger operation acting on the interaction control, sends an interaction instruction to the controller, and updates information displayed in an interaction interface according to the control of the controller; the controller receives the interaction instruction and executes processing corresponding to the interaction instruction; the processing includes controlling display information of the display; the display information comprises information corresponding to the monitoring parameters. The scheme ensures the safety and effectiveness of the treatment process.

The invention relates to a method for determining a total fluid volume flow (1) in the region of an implanted vascular support system (2), comprising the following steps: a) determining a reference temperature (3) of the fluid, b) determining a motor temperature (4) of an electric motor (5) of the support system (2), c) determining the thermal dissipation loss (6) of the electric motor (5), d) ascertaining the total fluid volume flow (1) using the reference temperature (3), the motor temperature (4), and the thermal dissipation loss (6) of the electric motor (5).

The invention discloses a digital full-period monitoring and evaluating system for the internal fistula function of a uremia patient, and relates to the technical field of medical monitoring. By integrating a multi-mode sensor, intelligent data processing and cloud analysis technologies, comprehensive, accurate and real-time monitoring of the internal fistula function is realized. The system comprises a data acquisition unit, a data transmission unit, an intelligent processing terminal, a cloud server, a user interaction unit and a distributed storage unit, and can measure multi-dimensional physiological parameters such as blood flow velocity, blood flow volume and blood flow pressure and obtain the endovascular microstructure and elastic characteristics. And the cloud server executes multi-modal data fusion analysis, generates an early warning signal, and triggers alarms of different levels through a hierarchical early warning strategy. According to the system, the precision and comprehensiveness of internal fistula function monitoring are improved, the complication risk is reduced, and powerful technical support is provided for dialysis treatment of uremia patients.

The invention discloses a wound healing state evaluation method and system based on artificial intelligence, and belongs to the field of wound healing evaluation. The method comprises the following steps: integrating medical record data and wound physiological parameters, and extracting relevance between a medication history and an infection type to form a multi-dimensional pathological factor; hemoglobin oxygenation, blood flow and metabolic heat are subjected to cross-period correlation analysis to construct dynamic physiological time-space information, pathological factors and the physiological time-space information are fused into a heterogeneous graph, nodes comprise drug intensity quantized values, infection risk levels and microcirculation fluctuation values, and edge weights are determined by the time sequence matching degree of drug doses and blood flow changes; based on the node weight and the edge association relationship, the treatment time and the physiological parameter acquisition period are aligned to generate a spatio-temporal evolution matrix, the spatial distribution of the infection risk level and the metabolic heat value characteristics are combined, the dynamic association of the drug action intensity and the microcirculation fluctuation is analyzed, and wound healing evaluation information is generated. The accuracy of wound healing state evaluation can be improved.

A method and an apparatus for use in estimating blood flow in an intravascular blood pump comprise retrieving reference data from a set of reference data obtained in a test environment. The set of reference data comprises, for at least one motor speed at different pump loads, including a first pump load, both a reference motor current (I) of a motor driving the blood pump and an amount of fluid flow through the blood pump. After placement of the blood pump in the patient, a patient-specific motor current for said motor speed at said first pump load is measured, and a motor current deviation value (ΔI) is calculated from the reference motor current (I) at said first pump load and patient-specific motor current. Finally, the motor current deviation value ΔI is used for estimating a patient-specific blood flow amount through the blood pump.

The invention belongs to the technical field of human body electroencephalogram signal processing and brain regulation and control, and provides a multi-modal coupling type closed-loop electrical stimulation sleep synergy signal regulation and control device and system.The technical scheme includes that multi-modal physiological signals including EEG slow wave power, cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid flow signals are obtained; screening and preprocessing the obtained multi-modal physiological signal to obtain a preprocessed multi-modal signal; calculating the time domain correlation between the EEG slow wave power and the cerebral blood flow and the frequency domain coherence between the cerebral blood flow and the cerebrospinal fluid flow signal; introducing regulatory factors of time domain correlation of EEG slow wave power and cerebral blood flow and frequency domain coherence of cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid flow signals to obtain a signal stimulation intensity calculation formula; and optimizing the signal stimulation intensity by combining a signal stimulation intensity calculation formula and the constructed double-layer optimization architecture to obtain the optimized signal stimulation intensity. And an accurate sleep regulation and control signal is generated.

The present invention relates to a system (100) for monitoring one or more physiological parameters of an individual. The system (100) comprises an optical fibre assembly (110) configured to measure one or more physiological parameters of an individual, and a pressure sensor (120) configured to measure a contact pressure of the optical fibre assembly (110) on the individual. The pressure sensor (120) comprises an optical fibre (122) comprising a transducer fibre Bragg grating (127) embedded in a matrix (121). The matrix (121) is configured to cause longitudinal strain in the transducer fibre Bragg grating (127) in response to the matrix (121) being subject to a transverse load. The one or more physiological parameters that the system (100) is for monitoring may include blood oxygen saturation (Sp O2), capillary refill time (CRT), heart rate, blood flow and CO2 emissions from skin.

The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, and discloses a method and system for predicting a hypotension risk in dialysis based on machine learning. The method comprises the following steps: calculating an ultrafiltration rate-blood pressure decreasing amplitude coupling coefficient by collecting ultrafiltration rate, blood flow volume, transmembrane pressure and blood pressure data in a dialysis process, obtaining a dialysis tolerance index in combination with a vascular compliance parameter, and constructing a stage weighting function according to dialysis duration to determine a weight coefficient of each period; and performing weighted calculation with individual baseline dialysis tolerance to set a personalized risk threshold value, and establishing a sliding window prediction mechanism to predict the probability of occurrence of hypotension in the future. The problems that a static prediction mode cannot adapt to dynamic changes in the dialysis process and is lack of personalized risk assessment are solved, and the accuracy and timeliness of hypotension risk prediction in dialysis are improved.

The utility model relates to a monitoring head frame convenient to wear on the head, which comprises a head band, an electroencephalogram electrode, a brain oxygen probe, a TCD support and a fixing band, the head band can adjust the annular shape matched with the head, the electroencephalogram electrode is embedded on the head band and captures the electrical activity of the brain, the brain oxygen probe is arranged on the wearing inner side of the head band and measures the oxyhemoglobin saturation in the brain tissue, and the TCD support is used for supporting the brain. The TCD supports are arranged on the head band and located on the two sides of the head, TCD probes are arranged on the TCD supports and used for monitoring changes of cerebral blood flow, fixing holes are formed in the plate faces of the mounting supports, the fixing holes and the first adjusting holes are arranged up and down, the fixing holes are located above the first adjusting holes, and the two ends of the fixing band penetrate through the fixing holes in the two corresponding mounting supports to be fixed. Velcro tapes are arranged at the two ends of the fixing end, so that the brain oxygen probe, the electroencephalogram electrode and the TCD probe can be tightly attached to the head position, the accuracy of the monitoring result is improved, the fixing belt is fixed through the Velcro tapes, and the monitoring head frame can be adjusted according to different head shapes of different users.

The invention discloses a comprehensive oral diagnosis and treatment system, which relates to the technical field of oral medicine and medical instruments and comprises a tooth movement monitoring module, a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound module, a high-intensity focused ultrasound module, a blood flow monitoring module, a control module, a wireless communication module and a terminal module. According to the invention, comprehensive monitoring and treatment of tooth movement, periodontal tissue health, temporomandibular joint function and oral cavity related muscle dynamics of a patient can be realized. Meanwhile, the equipment integrates advanced low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and high-intensity focused ultrasound technologies, and has the functions of periodontal tissue repair, muscle relaxation and joint soft tissue treatment. Besides, through the wireless communication module and the terminal module, the system can provide real-time health data monitoring and personalized diagnosis and treatment schemes, and is widely suitable for patients with orthodontics, periodontal diseases, temporomandibular joint disorder and other related oral dysfunctions.

The invention discloses a brain tumor disease treatment effect evaluation method, and belongs to the technical field of radiotherapy plan evaluation, and the method specifically comprises the steps: obtaining the brain multi-modal image data of a patient, and extracting a three-dimensional tumor region and a corresponding perfusion parameter; constructing a biological target region hierarchical structure containing a tumor overall region and an anoxic subregion; a relative hypoxia degree parameter is obtained by calculating the cerebral blood flow ratio of the hypoxia subregion to other regions of the tumor; historical treatment case data are deconstructed, and a dose-curative effect associated parameter set is established; training and outputting a dose adjustment strategy model for the hypoxia subregion; and generating a final radiotherapy dose planning scheme according to a dose adjustment value output by the model in combination with a clinical guide basic dose. Through a data-driven dose decision-making mechanism, the limitation of traditional uniform dose irradiation is overcome, so that an objective and reliable evaluation basis is provided for clinical selection and optimization of personalized treatment schemes.

The present invention relates to the technical field of medical image processing, and disclosed are a method and device for calculating blood flow at any position of a blood vessel tree. The method comprises: acquiring angiography image sequences, and performing structure extraction on images in the angiography image sequences to obtain two-dimensional blood vessel skeleton lines; performing three-dimensional reconstruction on the basis of the two-dimensional blood vessel skeleton lines to obtain a three-dimensional blood vessel model; determining a corresponding target blood vessel area on the basis of the three-dimensional blood vessel model, and calculating corresponding average blood flow in the target blood vessel area on the basis of transfer frame quantities corresponding to the angiography image sequences; reconstructing a reference blood vessel diameter on the basis of a corresponding blood vessel diameter in the target blood vessel area, and determining a blood vessel stenosis area on the basis of the blood vessel diameter and the reference blood vessel diameter; and calculating corresponding target blood flow at a target position in the target blood vessel area on the basis of the blood vessel stenosis area and the average blood flow. According to the present invention, blood flow at any position of blood vessels can be accurately calculated.

The present invention belongs to the field of hemodialysis monitoring equipment, and provides a hemodialysis patient arteriovenous fistula function monitoring system and terminal equipment. The system comprises: an acquisition module, which is used to obtain the intensity of reflected light returned after detection light is irradiated to blood vessels under the skin of a human forearm, generate a current signal according to the reflected light, and convert the current signal into a measurement signal; a feature extraction module, which is used to obtain an intensity change sequence of the reflected light based on the measurement signal, separate a DC component and an AC component from the intensity change sequence, and obtain a blood perfusion index, a heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure; a function evaluation module, which uses the maximum and minimum values ​​of the blood perfusion index, blood oxygen saturation, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure as first features, and adds heart rate as a second feature, and obtains the stenosis degree and blood flow of the blood vessel based on a machine learning classifier evaluation; the present invention can solve the problem in the prior art that the function of the arteriovenous fistula of a hemodialysis patient is difficult to intuitively monitor.

The invention provides a monitoring method, system and device based on a shared EIT wearable sensor and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: measuring the dynamic change of electrical impedance in a thoracic cavity through a sensor device attached to a chest region of a tested person, so as to collect signals related to pulmonary ventilation and blood flow; the collected signals related to lung ventilation and blood flow are subjected to signal processing, the pulmonary alveolar ventilation volume and the lung blood flow within unit time are calculated according to the signals so as to obtain the real-time ventilation / blood flow perfusion ratio, and regional analysis is carried out so that synchronous monitoring of the ventilation / blood flow perfusion ratios of different lung areas can be carried out. By sharing the EIT sensor array, synchronous monitoring of systemic circulation, pulmonary ventilation and the V / Q ratio is achieved, the number of used sensors is reduced, and the burden and medical cost of a patient are reduced. By combining an intelligent algorithm and a data fusion technology, comprehensive physiological information is provided, and a new solution is provided for personalized medical treatment and remote monitoring.

The invention discloses a double-ring circulation system for in-vitro drainage test of an in-vitro membrane pulmonary oxygenation vein drainage tube, and belongs to the technical field of medical engineering. According to the invention, the blood circulation simulation module can accurately load and simulate the blood flow waveform of the inferior vena cava of a human body under physiological or pathological conditions, and the vein drainage module can effectively simulate the drainage effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation vein drainage and is used for evaluating the drainage effect. According to the double-circulation system, by replacing the rigid / elastic vein simulation tube, the influence rule of the drainage mode of the vein drainage tube on the drainage efficiency and the vein adherence problem is explored. And a more scientific and effective in-vitro test evaluation experiment platform is provided for effectively evaluating the hydrodynamic performance when the drainage hole of the vein drainage tube is blocked and improving the drainage efficiency of the vein drainage tube.

The invention provides a radial artery compressor control method and related equipment, and can be applied to the technical field of image processing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first laser blood image acquired by an image acquisition component for a hand region of a target object; determining a target speckle contrast according to the pixel intensity of the pixel points in the first laser blood image, and determining the current blood flow rate of the hand region according to the target speckle contrast; under the condition that the current blood flow rate indicates that the radial artery has the occlusion risk, the ulnar artery air bag is controlled to deflate, and target pressure is determined according to the maximum pressure pulse wave amplitude of the target object in the ulnar artery air bag deflation process; and the ulnar artery air bag is controlled to be inflated until the pressure applied to the ulnar artery by the ulnar artery air bag reaches the blocking pressure, and the radial artery air bag is controlled to be inflated or deflated until the pressure applied to the radial artery by the radial artery air bag reaches the target pressure. In the application, the blood flow of the radial artery is ensured to be smooth so as to avoid radial artery occlusion.

A method may be performed by a system including a processor in communication with an extraluminal imaging device and an intravascular pressure measurement device. The method includes acquiring a contrast agent angiography image in a blood vessel having a contrast agent; based on the contrast agent angiography image, generating a reconstructed geometric object of the blood vessel and estimating blood flow in the blood vessel; implementing a physical model of blood distribution using the reconstructed geometry, determining output parameters based on the blood pressure value and the blood flow volume; and generating a harmonic hemodynamic parameter based on the output parameter. The harmonized hemodynamic parameter is adjusted based on measurements taken at various vascular conditions.

The present invention relates to the technical field of arteriovenous fistulas. Provided is an optimized scheme for postoperative vasodilation of an autologous arteriovenous fistula. The optimized scheme comprises microwave and electromagnetic field stimulation, ultrasonic monitoring and AI analysis, nano-drug sustained-release technology and intelligent pressure regulation. A microwave and electromagnetic field module stimulates vascular smooth muscle by means of precisely controlling a frequency and an intensity; an ultrasound monitoring module collects real-time data on a vascular inner diameter and a blood flow volume; an AI module dynamically adjusts a stimulation intensity on the basis of the data; a nanoparticle sustained-release system realizes long-acting drug release; and a pressure regulation module automatically regulates, by means of a closed-loop control algorithm, external pressure applied to blood vessels. The problems of imprecise physical stimulation, unsustained pharmaceutical support, fixed pressure regulation, etc., in traditional management of postoperative vasodilation are effectively solved.

Devices and methods for allowing for improved assisted ventilation of a patient. The methods and devices provide a number of benefits over conventional approaches for assisted ventilation. For example, the methods and devices described herein permit blind insertion of a device that can allow ventilation regardless of whether the device is positioned within a trachea or an esophagus. In addition, the methods and device allow for timed delivery of ventilations based on a condition of a thoracic cavity to increase the amount and efficiency of blood flow during a resuscitation procedure.

The invention provides a trauma bleeding detection method and system based on infrared thermal imaging and ultrasonic multi-modality, and relates to the technical field of medical image processing, and the method comprises the steps: collecting and registering infrared thermal imaging and ultrasonic images of a trauma part, executing adaptive shear wave transformation to extract a feature coefficient, constructing a thermoacoustic coupling feature matrix, and obtaining a thermoacoustic coupling feature matrix; and reconstructing a vascular structure to generate a blood flow velocity field distribution diagram, establishing a time sequence mapping relation between local blood flow volume and accumulated bleeding volume, and calculating bleeding dynamic parameters by adopting a variational particle filtering method. The method can accurately evaluate the duration of traumatic hemorrhage and the tissue injury degree, and provides an accurate diagnosis basis for clinical first aid.

The invention relates to wearable multi-modal hemodynamic monitoring equipment and method, and belongs to the technical field of biology and medicine. According to the equipment, more multi-modal physiological signals are acquired from fewer point positions of a human body by using fewer sensors, and hemodynamic parameters including blood flow volume, blood pressure and vascular resistance can be continuously and synchronously monitored through signal processing and parameter calculation. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of being comprehensive in measurement parameter, portable, high in cruising ability, good in man-machine interaction and the like, can be used for long-time and real-time monitoring of hemodynamics, and has important application value and wide application prospects in the aspects of cardiovascular disease diagnosis, chronic disease management, exercise evaluation and the like.

The invention relates to the field of medical image processing, and discloses an AI analysis method for fundus image blood vessels, which comprises the following steps: acquiring images at different time points of the same fundus, respectively reconstructing a blood vessel topology network and measuring geometric parameters; constructing an equivalent blood flow resistance network based on the network and a preset fluid dynamic model, and calculating a static function field containing parameters such as virtual blood flow at each time point; spatial registration is carried out on the two time point function fields, differential calculation is carried out on corresponding blood vessel segment parameters after registration, a differential data set is generated, a visual differential stress evolution graph is constructed, and then an analysis result of fundus image blood vessels is generated. According to the method, dynamic and multi-dimensional quantitative evaluation of the function evolution process of the fundus vascular network under the stress reaction is realized through space-time comparison and function modeling, and an accurate and comprehensive decision basis is provided for early diagnosis, illness monitoring and curative effect evaluation of related fundus diseases.

The invention belongs to the technical field of detection and early warning, and discloses an embedded pressure sore detection and early warning system and an automatic preventive measure starting device thereof, which improve the accuracy and sensitivity of monitoring, comprehensively monitor local pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation and blood flow changes through the combination of a pressure sensor and an optical sensor, and improve the accuracy and sensitivity of monitoring. And pressure sore early warning failure caused by single parameter detection is avoided. Automatic intervention measures are achieved, prevention functions such as turning over and massaging are dynamically started through system design, nursing pressure is relieved, and the prevention effect is improved. And an embedded early warning system is designed, so that the device is suitable for mattresses, wheelchair cushions and other scenes, and the experience of patients is improved. The system integrates a pressure sensor and an optical sensor, and combines three models of PTIM, OSFM and MRAM to realize comprehensive analysis of multi-dimensional parameters of pressure, blood oxygen and blood flow, so that the sensitivity and accuracy of pressure sore risk prediction are greatly improved.

The flow-adjustable perfusion balloon catheter comprises a catheter body, a balloon capable of being filled and a catheter base, a push rod channel and a filling channel are arranged in the catheter body, the filling channel is communicated with an inner cavity of the balloon, and a first connector and a second connector are arranged on the catheter base. Micropores are formed in the positions, located at the near end and the far end of the balloon, of the catheter body and are the near-end micropore and the far-end micropore respectively, the near-end micropore and the far-end micropore are communicated through a blood flow channel formed in the catheter body, and a blocking piece capable of blocking the near-end micropore or the far-end micropore is arranged in the blood flow channel. A push rod is arranged in the push rod channel, and the far end of the push rod is connected with the near end of the plugging piece. Compared with the prior art, by arranging the blood flow channel, effective circulation of blood flow can still be achieved after balloon plugging in the operation, complications caused by ischemia or hypertension in the operation are avoided, the perfusion blood flow can be adjusted in time according to different patient conditions, and the success rate of the operation is increased.

A system for monitoring hemodynamic effectiveness includes a lead assembly including a lead body configured to deliver electrical stimulation or to deliver a fluid. The system includes at least one stimulation source including a drug pump or a pulse generator, a sensing device configured to detect a hemodynamic property of a body part, and a processor configured to determine hemodynamic effectiveness based on the detected hemodynamic property. Hemodynamic properties may include vasodilation, vasoconstriction, increased blood flow, decreased blood flow, or other hemodynamic changes. A method for providing treatment includes positioning a lead body adjacent to a blood vessel, obtaining a baseline hemodynamic property, administering stimulation, detecting an updated hemodynamic property, and determining hemodynamic effectiveness based on a change between the baseline and updated hemodynamic properties. A closed-loop treatment system adjusts treatment values based on measurements detected by the sensing device to cause stimulation to reach target values.

A system for treating erectile dysfunction in a male person is disclosed. The system comprises a stimulation device configured to deliver, directly or indirectly: a first stimulation signal to a sympathetic nerve innervating a penile vein of the person; and a second stimulation signal to a parasympathetic nerve innervating a penile artery of the person. The system further comprises a control unit configured to control an operation of the stimulation device such that: the first stimulation signal stimulates an activity of the sympathetic nerve, thereby causing vasoconstriction of the penile vein; and the second stimulation signal stimulates an activity of the parasympathetic nerve, thereby causing vasodilation of the penile artery. The vasodilation of the penile artery increases a blood flow entering an erectile body of the penis and the vasoconstriction of the penile vein reduces a blood flow exiting the erectile body, thereby inducing engorgement of the erectile body.

The present technology can be used to selectively heat one or more diseased regions in the lung while limiting heating of healthy regions and surrounding tissue. This heating provides a therapeutic effect. Selective heating of diseased tissue can be achieved by exposing the lung to an electromagnetic field to cause dielectric or eddy current heating. The present technology is particularly useful for treating emphysema because the diseased regions of emphysema patients have reduced blood flow. The diseased regions will heat up quickly while healthy tissue will be cooled by blood flow. This is particularly effective for treating emphysema because the lung has a small mass and high blood flow. In one described embodiment, the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation is chosen to satisfy certain resonance conditions of the device. In another described embodiment, a coil is used to apply the electromagnetic radiation, the geometric parameters of the coil being chosen so that an electric field maximum is produced in the region to be heated. In another described embodiment, a pair of electromagnetic energy signal applicators are used to apply the electromagnetic radiation, the pair of electromagnetic energy signal applicators being positioned to surround the torso of the patient, one electromagnetic energy signal applicator being positioned cephalad relative to the treatment region and the other electromagnetic energy signal applicator being positioned caudal relative to the treatment region, and the pair of electromagnetic energy signal applicators being shaped to encircle or partially encircle the periphery of the torso.