The invention discloses a pressure measurement device and method based on quadrature phase fast demodulation and intensity compensation, comprising a wide-spectrum light source (1), an optical fiber circulator (2), and a F-P pressure sensor (3) , optical fiber 1*3 coupler (4), low-coherence interferometer (5), intensity compensator (6), photodetector (13), data acquisition card (7) and signal processing unit (8); during measurement, Use the F-P pressure sensor (3) for pressure sensing, construct quadrature phase signals, use real-time intensity compensation to reduce the influence of external interference factors on the demodulation results, and quickly back-calculate through the order-compensated four-quadrant arctangent algorithm Phase, and real-time conversion into pressure values by Calibration-Fit. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can realize the demodulation of the signal of the F-P pressure sensor (3) containing multiple cavities, and can greatly reduce the influence of signal strength fluctuation on the demodulation result, and significantly improve the demodulation system. stability and accuracy.