The invention discloses an online monitoring system for grounding grid resistance, and relates to the technical field of power systems. The online monitoring system comprises a pilot power unit, a data acquisition unit, a filter analysis unit, a data processing unit, a system control unit, a communication unit and an external system, wherein the pilot power unit is connected with monitored power equipment, the monitored power equipment is connected with the data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected with the filter analysis unit, the filter analysis unit is connected with the data processing unit, and the system control unit is connected with the pilot power unit, the data acquisition unit, the filter analysis unit and the data processing unit respectively; and the system control unit is connected with the external system via the communication unit. The online monitoring system can timely monitor characteristic parameters of a grounding device, and timely monitor the grounding resistance indicator change trend of the grounding device, so that the relevant department can timely master the security of a grounding grid and formulate corresponding countermeasures, and personal and equipment safety accidents are effectively prevented.