The invention discloses an ultrasonic medicine liquid permeation promoting device for the gastrointestinal tract based on a piezoelectric drive and a working method of the ultrasonic medicine liquid permeation promoting device, relating to the fields of ultrasound and piezoelectric technology. According to the embodiment provided by the invention, an elastic cantilever beam generates pre-compression force acting on a bolt, by utilizing a base body structure and through motion synthesis generated by vibration of two groups of piezoelectric ceramic plates, anticlockwise elliptical orbit movement is generated at the tail end of the elastic cantilever beam; the tail end of the elastic cantilever beam contacts the surface of the bolt, through friction force, the linear motion of the bolt is realized, meanwhile, pushing force is output, and locating can be carried out on the lesion tissue in the gastrointestinal tract; ultrasonic waves generated by a machine body of a sheet chip-mounted energy converter is utilized for promoting the permeation of medicine liquid, and thus the effect of promoting the permeation of the medicine liquid in the gastrointestinal tract is realized. With the adoption of the embodiment provided by the invention, the side effects generated by unnecessary medicines in the traditional treatment methods are greatly reduced, the lesion tissue is rapidly treated, and finally, the purposes of examination convenience, no trauma, no leads, no pain, no cross infection, dosage reduction and high cure rate are achieved.