The invention relates to a vertical or short-distance takeoff and landing aircraft ground effect test system, belonging to the fields of aerodynamic tests and other force measurement experiments. The vertical or short-distance takeoff and landing aircraft ground effect test system is characterized by comprising an experiment system support, a force measuring scale, a simulation fuselage, a lift fan simulation device, a propulsion/lift power simulation device, a tested aircraft model and a floor, wherein the force measuring scale is installed on the top of the experiment system support, the simulation fuselage is installed on the bottom of the force measuring scale, the lift fan simulation device is installed at the front part of the simulation fuselage, the propulsion/lift power simulation device is installed at the rear part of the simulation fuselage, the tested aircraft model is installed at the lower part of the simulation fuselage, and the floor is installed at the lower part of the experiment system support. With the system, the takeoff and landing process of a vertical/short-distance takeoff and landing aircraft can be simulated, the stressing condition of the vertical/short-distance takeoff and landing aircraft is measured, and the jet stream ground effect of the vertical/short-distance takeoff and landing aircraft is researched. The system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easiness and convenience for operation and the like.