91 results about "Rate modulation" patented technology

A light emitting diode (LED) lighting system and method are disclosed. The LED lighting system and method include an LED controller to accurately control a current in an LED system. The LED controller includes components to calculate, based on the current and an active time period of an LED current time period, an actual charge amount delivered to the LED system wherein the LED current time period is duty cycle, modulated at a rate of greater than fifty (50) Hz and to utilize the actual charge amount to modify and provide a desired target charge amount to be delivered during a future active time period of the LED current time period. The LED system and method further involve components to compare the actual charge amount to a desired charge amount for the active time period and compensate for a difference between the actual charge amount and the desired charge amount during the future active time period.

A light emitting diode (LED) lighting system and method are disclosed. The LED lighting system and method include an LED controller to accurately control a current in an LED system. The LED controller includes components to calculate, based on the current and an active time period of an LED current time period, an actual charge amount delivered to the LED system wherein the LED current time period is duty cycle, modulated at a rate of greater than fifty (50) Hz and to utilize the actual charge amount to modify and provide a desired target charge amount to be delivered during a future active time period of the LED current time period. The LED system and method further involve components to compare the actual charge amount to a desired charge amount for the active time period and compensate for a difference between the actual charge amount and the desired charge amount during the future active time period.

A cardiac rhythm management system provides an increase in pacing rate as a combination of responses to three characteristics of a relative-temperature signal: a dip, a positive slope, and a positive magnitude. The relative-temperature signal is the difference between a short-term and a long-term temperature average. A dip produces a limited and temporary rate increase having a first proportionality. A positive slope produces a rate increase with a second proportionality. A positive magnitude produces a rate increase with a third proportionality. The dip response seeds the slope response to provide a seamless and immediate rate transition after a dip. The cardiac rhythm management system limits and filters the sum of the rate increases to provide a sensor indicated rate, which is used to stimulate the heart.

A demodulation system for receiving and demodulating multiple modulated signals, including a first modulated signal having a first bit rate and / or a first modulation format and a second modulated signal having a second bit rate and / or a second modulation format. The demodulator demodulating the first modulation format modulated signal provides a cross-correlated demodulated in-phase and quadrature-phase baseband signal and the demodulator demodulating the second modulation format modulated signal provides a second demodulated baseband signal. A selector selects either the first or the second or both bit rate and / or modulation format demodulated baseband signals. In an alternative embodiment two demodulators are implemented for the demodulation of multiple signals. In certain embodiments the demodulator demodulating the first bit rate modulated signal or the second bit rate modulated signal is comprised of bit rate switchable filters and / or mis-matched filters which are mismatched to that of the filters of the modulator of the first or the second bit rate modulated signal. In some of the applications the first or the second modulated signal is an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) modulated signal and / or a spread spectrum modulated signal and / or Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, or a Quadrature Modulation (QM), or a Frequency Modulation (FM) modulated signal. In certain implementations and applications the demodulator is used for demodulation of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulated signals and spread spectrum modulated signals.

Apparatus and methods for activity based plasticity in a spiking neuron network adapted to process sensory input. In one approach, the plasticity mechanism of a connection may comprise a causal potentiation portion and an anti-causal portion. The anti-causal portion, corresponding to the input into a neuron occurring after the neuron response, may be configured based on the prior activity of the neuron. When the neuron is in low activity state, the connection, when active, may be potentiated by a base amount. When the neuron activity increases due to another input, the efficacy of the connection, if active, may be reduced proportionally to the neuron activity. Such functionality may enable the network to maintain strong, albeit inactive, connections available for use for extended intervals.

The channel quality indicator (CQI) transmitted by a mobile terminal to a base station is indicative of the Ec / Nt pilot SNR of the pilot signal transmitted by the base station and measured by the mobile terminal. The base station uses the CQI for purposes such as determining a downlink rate, a modulation scheme, and downlink power. Knowledge by the base station of whether the received and detected CQI is likely to be “good” or “bad” would be useful in determining how and whether the value of the received and detected CQI should be used. In a first embodiment, at the base station, a reliability of the received CQI that is detected from received soft symbol metrics is determined in conjunction with the detected CQI value for the received CQI word as a whole. In a second embodiment, a minimum bit error probability receiver is used that makes a maximum likelihood decision for each CQI bit individually from the plurality of metrics derived from the received soft symbol metrics, and the reliability of each CQI bit is individually determined.

Two methods to improve the QoS. These methods can be applied individually or together. The first method is a packet sizing method, which is based on the Bit Error rate as well as the packet drop rate. The second method is a data transmit rate modulation method. The proposed methods in this invention, unlike the packet size reduction method that is in the WiMedia specification, enables the MAC to reduce and increase the packet size and the data transmit rate by working with the upper layer controller to maximize the data transfer rate, the transmitter power, and to minimize the packet drop rate.

The invention discloses a spectrum scaling apparatus used for a spectrum imager. The apparatus is characterized in that: a light beam which is emitted by a broadband light source (1) goes through a diaphragm (2) and a collimating lens (3) and irradiates a wavelength tuning optical filter (4), a plurality of narrowband optical signals which are distributed in a comb-shaped mode and have different wavelengths are outputted, after light intensity adjusting by a broadband bandpass optical filter (5), the signals enter into an integrating sphere (9) from an integrating sphere incident light hole (6) for depolarization and space uniformity processing, and an integrating sphere light extraction hole (8) outputs a surface light source. A spectrum imager to be measured is placed on the light extraction hole (8) for spectrum scaling. According to the apparatus, a birefringence crystal is utilized to carry out light transmission rate modulation, a passband peak value position and a bandwidth size can be adjusted, a plurality of narrowband light intensity signals changing with a wavelength are provided in a broadband range, wavelength scanning is not needed when carrying out spectrum scaling on the spectrum imager, wavelength scaling with one-time imaging is realized, and the apparatus is suitable for scaling a large field of view and large caliber spectrum imager.

The invention is a delivery system comprising a first outer zone which partially surrounds an inner core, a second outer zone which also partially surrounds the core, and the outer zones together form a continuous heterogeneous layer fully surrounding the core. The delivery system is particularly suitable for orally administered multiple drug delivery or multiple rate delivery of biologically active ingredients to the gastrointestinal environment of humans or other animals.

The invention relates to a fiber grating which can realize any target response, which belongs to fiber communication, optical sensor and other relative light signal processing fields. The product is a fiber grating of sampling structure realized with phase model scanning method; the period and phase function of the initial end of the fiber grating, As, Phi s (z) and A s (z) are period, phase function and apodization function of any given fiber grating initial end. And it can acquires distance Zk from the K ultraviolet exposure position to the sample fiber grating initial end and the amplitude Ak of refraction rate modulation leaded in at the Zk. The character of the invention is: its reflection spectrum has multi-channel type, and some special reflection peak in them has the demanded target reflection response, or has the character of target phase shift.

A system comprising an implantable electrical cardiac signal sensing circuit, an implantable sinoatrial cardiac action potential detector circuit, and an implantable electrical stimulation circuit in electrical communication with the electrical cardiac signal sensing circuit and the sinoatrial cardiac action potential detector circuit. The electrical cardiac signal sensing circuit is configured to receive one or more intrinsic heart signals from one or more respective electrodes configured for placement in a vicinity of a sinoatrial node of a subject. The implantable electrical stimulation circuit is configured to initiate delivery of at least one inhibitory electrical stimulation pulse in a vicinity of the sinoatrial node in a timed relationship to a sensed sinoatrial cardiac action potential. Other systems and methods are disclosed.

An apparatus and method for precisely, quickly and substantially uniformly controlling a combustion system by a transfer of heat to a fluidic fuel along a heat / fuel interface having a large surface area substantially immediately prior to the mixing of the fuel with air is provided. The control of the temperature of the fuel input to an air / fuel mixing region of the combustion system provides improved efficiency by an expansion of modulation ranges available for factors that together are determinative of the efficiency of combustion system operation such as fuel flow rate, fuel droplet size, air flow and input fuel pressure. In addition, the fuel / heat interface can be utilized as an in-line fuel flow meter for remote monitoring of the fuel flow rates and the prediction of problems in system functionality and future system failure time frames.

An apparatus and method for precisely, quickly and substantially uniformly controlling a combustion system by a transfer of heat to a fluidic fuel along a heat / fuel interface having a large surface area substantially immediately prior to the mixing of the fuel with air is provided. The control of the temperature of the fuel input to an air / fuel mixing region of the combustion system provides improved efficiency by an expansion of modulation ranges available for factors that together are determinative of the efficiency of combustion system operation such as fuel flow rate, fuel droplet size, air flow and input fuel pressure. In addition, the fuel / heat interface can be utilized as an in-line fuel flow meter for remote monitoring of the fuel flow rates and the prediction of problems in system functionality and future system failure time frames.

Disclosed herein is an image capturing apparatus including, an optical zoom lens, an actuator for driving said optical zoom lens, an imaging device, a jiggling detection section, an optical jiggling correction section, an electronic jiggling correction section, and an optical zoom magnification change rate modulation section.

The invention provides a high-speed bandwidth modulation method adapted to a variable rate. The method comprises the following steps: performing serial and parallel conversion on an input baseband signal to divide the input baseband signal into N paths of parallel data, and performing channel coding and modulation mapping on each path of data; converting each path of data subjected to the modulation mapping into a PLF frame and a buffer, and selecting a single channel or multiple channels according to the symbol rate; if multiple channels are selected, performing serial and parallel conversionon a frame of data to obtain multiple paths of data; eliminating intersymbol interference by adding a cyclic prefix; achieving the variable rate and molding of the data by selecting a filtering channel according to the modulation symbol rate; and shifting the frequency spectrum of the molded multiple paths of data, and performing digital-to-analog conversion and outputting an analog signal. According to the high-speed bandwidth modulation method, the multi-channel implementation, IDFT and rate matching modules organically to realize high-speed bandwidth modulation with a variable rate, whichnot only ensures the signal transmission quality, but also realizes high-speed, high-efficiency and variable rate modulation.

A frame rate control method capable of enhancing picture-quality is disclosed. The frame rate control method generates red, green, and blue frame rate control signals by frame-rate-modulating red, green, and blue frame rate control patterns on the basis of lower-bit red, green, and blue data. The lower-bit red, green, and blue data are extracted from red, green, and blue data. The red, green and blue frame rate control patterns are obtained through a process of shifting basic frame rate control patterns by different sub-pixel numbers in one direction. The basic frame rate control patterns are established for a plurality of frames.

A method for data transfer in an optical network, including: amplitude modulating, by a central office, an optical carrier by a downstream data with a first rate to generate a downstream optical signal carrying the downstream data; sending the downstream optical signal to a user terminal; obtaining, by the user terminal, the downstream data from the downstream optical signal; amplitude modulating, by the user terminal, the downstream optical signal by an upstream data with a second rate to generate an upstream optical signal, wherein the ratio of the first rate to the second rate is greater than 1; sending the upstream optical signal to the central office; and receiving, by the central office, the upstream optical signal, and obtaining, by the central office, the upstream data from the upstream optical signal. Furthermore, the present invention discloses a system and device for data transfer in the optical network. With the invention, the complexity of the system may be effectively reduced, and the cost of the device may be lowered.

The invention relates to a flexible DC system starting method and device based on a modular multi-level current converter. The device comprises the following steps: S1, after the current converter station uncontrolled charging is finished, newly adding a sub-module for conducting a T2 tube for each bridge arm, thereby gradually adding the number of the submodule of each bypass; charging residual sub-modules to the charging voltage threshold through transformer valve side line voltage, and executing sub-module dynamic voltage-sharing control under a condition of maintaining unchanged total number of the submodule of each bridge arm bypass; S2, when receiving an unlocking instruction, stepping the DC voltage to a rated modulation ratio corresponding numerical value; and S3, after the DC voltage is stabilized, ramping the DC voltage to a DC voltage instruction value, thereby realizing the smooth starting of the flexible DC system. after the uncontrolled charging of the current converter station is finished, the effective voltage-sharing of the current conversion valve submodule at any time slot can be realized, the time for dispatching the unlocking instruction is unlimited, and the AC system impact and heavy harmonic problem caused by low DC voltage at unlocking early stage of the current converter station can be effectively avoided.

A method estimates a channel impulse response in an ultra wide bandwidth (UWB) system. Multiple training sequences modulated at a chip rate are received. Each training sequence is sampled by parallel with multiple correlators at sampling rate substantially slower than the chip rate to obtain a samples over a time interval of the impulse response at a resolution substantially equal to the chip rate, and then estimating the channel impulse response from these samples.

The invention discloses a correcting and hot pressing drying method of warping wood. The method specifically comprises following steps: firstly, the water containing rate of the wood is adjusted to range from 10% to 20%, and therefore the shrinkage difference of the inner surface and the outer surface of the wood is controlled; the wood is put into a low-temperature mold plate pressing machine and a high-temperature mold plate pressing machine which have a certain temperature difference to be subject to correcting treatment; the straightened wood is put into a hot pressing machine to be subject to drying and size shaping; the wood is put into a pressing machine to be subject to cooling, and the wood is cooled to 20 to 50 DEG C at the cooling speed of 10 DEG C to 20 DEG C / min; finally, the wood is put in the environment with the temperature ranging from 50 DEG C to 60 DEG C and the relative humidity ranging from 60 % to 80 % to be subject to water containing rate modulation treatment, the final water containing rate of the wood is controlled to range from 6% to 10 %, and finally, the wood recovered to be straight is obtained. The correcting and hot pressing drying method has the beneficial effects of being simple in principle, convenient to operate, capable of effectively overcoming deformation generated in the drying process, high in success rate and high in production efficiency, reducing the machining difficulty, easily achieving batched industrial production and the like.

The invention provides an IP voice steganography method based on speed modulation, and belongs to the field of safety communication. The IP voice steganography method is suitable for covert communication with IP voice (voice over IP, VoIP) as the carrier, and the purpose is that under the premise that any changes do not make to the content of voice streams, covert information is hidden into the voice streams with dynamically adjusted speed to achieve transparent covert communication. The method comprises the steps of (1) making an appointment in advance, (2) embedding covert information and (3) extracting covert information. According to the method, the character that in IP voice communication, a variable speed voice coder can dynamically switch speeds according to actual needs on any frame boundary is used, and hiding of the covert information is achieved through modulation of the voice frame speed. The hiding process does not make any change to the content of the voice stream, and therefore the sensory quality of the IP voice is effectively maintained. In addition, the IP voice steganography method is not related to the specific voice coder, is suitable for voice coders with the variable speed coding function, and has good universality.

A system for measuring an RF input signal frequency includes a sampling optical pulse train with a frequency-dithered repetition-rate, and a sub-sampled analog link coupled to the optical pulse train whereby the RF input signal frequency is determined. This frequency dither imparts well-characterized modulation sidebands onto the input RF signal to be measured. By measuring the amplitude of these sidebands relative to the incoming aliased signal amplitude the frequency of the original signal is readily determined. The use of optical sampling dramatically increases the bandwidth over which the disambiguation technique is applied, and coarse disambiguation is achieved in a single acquisition.

The invention discloses a direct broadcast satellite variable coding modulation and self-adaptive coding modulation hybrid working method, which comprises: a step A, in which a front-end system changes the modulation mode and code rate of a frame of data dynamically during program transmission according to program content transmission needs and thus a variable code rate modulation working mode is realized; and a step B, in which the front-end system, in the variable code rate modulation working mode, changes the variable code rate modulation working mode into a self-adaptive coding modulation working mode when acquiring the current system signal-to-noise ratio of a user. In the invention, based on the real-time variable characteristic of a transmission frame structure in a direct broadcast satellite system and the combination of the respective advantages of both the variable code rate modulation working mode and the self-adaptive coding modulation working mode, the utilization of satellite frequency resources is further optimized, the coverage requirements of the satellite broadcast systems are detailed, and the transmission effectiveness of the direct broadcast satellite system is improved.

Determining the machining conditions of a workpiece to avoid the onset of vibration during this machining. According to the invention, the machining phase is simulated (10) by temporarily setting the parameters of a cutting rate modulation function, from this the corresponding surface condition is deduced and the said parameters are modified iteratively, each time simulating the machining phase until the surface finish reaches an admissible value, then the machining phase is performed varying the cutting rate (Omega(t)) according to the corresponding modulation function.

A modulation apparatus is disclosed that enables great improvements in signal transmission rate in a limited frequency band as compared with conventional modulation schemes. Modulation apparatus 100 has first and second frequency-increasing SSB modulators 110 and 120. The modulators 110 and 120 are configured to have respective carrier frequencies with a difference by a frequency corresponding to the reciprocal of the symbol rate (i.e. fundamental frequency of the input symbol). Adder 130 combines a LSB signal obtained from the SSB modulator 120 set for a higher carrier frequency, and a USB signal obtained from the SSB modulator 110 set for a lower carrier frequency to obtain a modulation signal.

The need is met according to the present invention by providing a method of correcting pixel by pixel variations in a display, the method including the steps of creating a defect map of pixel intensity offsets for the display; correcting an input signal according to the defect map; and displaying the corrected input signal on the display, wherein the offset defect map is created by modulating a pixel in the display at a predetermined rate at a predetermined intensity; sensing the display with a photosensor to generate a sensed signal; demodulating the signal with a synchronous demodulator at the predetermined rate to produce a demodulated signal representing a sensed intensity; and employing the sensed intensity and the predetermined intensity to generate a correction offset.

The present invention generally relates to encoding / decoding method and device used for remote controller, which utilizes baud rate to encrypt data for transmission. The encoding device of the present invention comprises an encoder for encoding an identification code into an encrypted code; an interpreter for interpreting the un-encoded portion of the identification code and the encrypted code into a transmission signal. Wherein, when the encrypted code is in a first base, the plain code corresponding to the encrypted code will be transmitted with a first baud rate; and when the encrypted code is in a second base, the plain code corresponding to the encrypted code will be transmitted with a second baud rate. The decoding device according to the present invention comprises a receiver for receiving the transmission signal; a interpreter connected to the receiver for interpreting the transmission signal into a received signal; a encoder for utilizing the same encoding algorithm as in the transmitter to generate a comparison code; and a processor for comparing the received signal and the comparison code and for the process control.

Clock signals and digital data signals at a variable frequency are introduced to the input of a FIFO and are passed from the FIFO at a second (or intermediate) frequency controlled by a numerically controlled oscillator. To regulate the frequency of the signals from the numerically controlled oscillator, the phases of the clock signals at the variable frequency are compared in a phase detector with the phases of the signals from the numerically controlled oscillator to generate an error signal. The error signals and the signals at a fixed sampling frequency higher than the intermediate frequency regulate the frequency of the signals from the numerically controlled oscillator and thus the frequency of the digital data signals from the FIFO. The digital data signals from the FIFO are converted to a pair of signals at the second frequency. The pair of signals at the second frequency have individual ones of a plurality of analog levels dependent upon a code indicated by successive pairs of the digital data signals. The signals at the second (or intermediate) frequency modulate a pair of trigonometrically related signals at the fixed sampling frequency. The modulated signals at the fixed sampling frequency are combined and the combined signals are sampled at the fixed sampling frequency to corresponding analog values by a digital-to-analog converter.