45 results about "Soil scientist" patented technology

The invention discloses a portable earth surface roughness measuring instrument, comprising a horizontal rotation driving device and a radial moving arm which is connected with the output terminal of the horizontal rotation driving device and can horizontally rotate by taking the output terminal as the center as well as a controller, wherein the radial moving arm is provided with a sliding block which can move along length direction of the radial moving arm; the sliding block is fixedly connected with a distance measuring device and is used for measuring a distance between the sliding block and an upper cushion surface in vertical direction and a distance between the sliding block and a lower cushion surface in the vertical direction; and the controller is used for controlling rotation output of the horizontal rotation driving device, moving of the sliding block on the radial moving arm and starting of the distance measuring device, receiving a measuring result of the distance measuring device, calculating an earth surface roughness result according to a program preset in the distance measuring device and displaying, storing and sending data. The portable earth surface roughness measuring instrument disclosed by the invention has a simple mechanical structure, low cost and high measurement accuracy, is light, handy and portable and can be applied to measurement on the earth surface roughness of the lower cushion surface in agriculture, soil science, weather and climate predication, geology, microwave remote sensing and other fields.

The present invention discloses a farmland underground eluviation and surface runoff monitoring integration device which belongs to the fields of environment science, agrology and plant nutrition. The device of the present invention comprises of runoff pool, eluviation disk, outlet pipe, sampling bottle and runoff collecting pipe; eluviation disk is mounted horizontally on the runoff pool at aim depth of upright soil section, sampling bottle is connected with water outlet of eluviation disk through outlet pipe to collect eluviation solution; runoff collecting pipe is a four-way pipe like a Chinese word 'Shang' containing one water outlet and three lockable infall with different high; each runoff pool is communicated with at least one water outlet of runoff collecting pipe. The present invention is particularly suitable for monitoring the affects of ground water of soil solute such as nitrogen, phosphor, pesticide and so on, specially under the condition of original monitoring, can monitor soil eluviation and runoff at the same time and the same position, the nicety is improved and the sampling process is easy and rapid.

The invention discloses a soil leaching liquor collection method under natural conditions, which belongs to the research field of environmental science, soil science and plant nutrition. The soil leaching liquor collection method of the invention mainly includes the following steps: a soil profile in the vertical direction is obtained and the dug-out soil is piled up layer by layer according to depth; a horizontal cave is dug based on the target depth of the soil profile and the upper surface of the cave is guaranteed to be level; a leaching plate is inserted into the cave and slurry modulated out of soil of the soil layer of the target depth is placed into the leaching plate; the dug-out soil is backfilled layer by layer and then compacted layer by layer, moreover, in order to recover the raw condition of the backfilled soil as possible, the backfilled soil is irrigated for a plurality of times. The method of the invention can realize collecting and monitoring the soil leaching liquor under natural conditions, in particular is suitable for monitoring the influence caused by the soil leaching liquor of such soil solute as nitrogen, phosphorus and pesticide, etc., on the groundwater.

The invention discloses a farmland underground leaching in-situ monitoring device, which belongs to fields of environmental science, soil science and plant nutrition research. The device of the invention includes leaching disc, outlet pipe and sample bottle. The leaching disc is an impervious container, the upper part is opening for collecting leaching water; the lower part of the leaching disc is equipped with outlet; the outlet pipe is a waterproof bi-pass aqueduct, one end is connected with outlet of leaching disc, the other end is connected with the outlet of the sampling bottle, the leaching fluid in the leaching disc can automatically go through the outlet pipe into the sampling bottle; the sampling bottle is a waterproof container, the upper part is equipped with an inlet, which is used for collecting leaching fluid from the leaching disc. The device of the invention is particularly suitable for monitoring the effect of leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus, farm chemical and other soil solutes to underground water, especially under the condition of monitoring in-situ, which reduces the difficulty of sampling and makes the sample process simple and fast.

The invention relates to a method for measuring soil moisture content and an improved device thereof, belonging to the technical field of soil moisture content measurement in soil science, agriculture, forestry and ecology. Based on the existing TRIME EZ/EZC and TRIME IT/ITC type soil moisture content measuring device for measuring soil moisture content, the inventive improved device is arranged with an extended pipe sleeve for connecting with a sensor of the soil moisture content measuring device, an improved hole puncher and PVC pipes with different lengths, wherein, the hole puncher comprises hole puncher sensors, a stainless steel tube arranged at one end of the hole puncher sensor, a positioning plug sheathed on the stainless steel tube and a sliding valve sheathed on the hole puncher sensor arranged at the other end of the hole puncher. The soil moisture content measuring device is used to measure soil moisture content after the hole puncher probe perforates. Based on the existing soil moisture content measuring device, which can only measure topsoil moisture content and can not measure deep soil moisture content until digging a sloping surface, the inventive device can perform fixed point measurement of soil moisture content at different depths for a long term. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, simple method and easy operation.

The invention provides an organic rice planting method. The organic rice planting method comprises the following steps of S1, precision sowing, wherein sowing time selection, variety selection, seed sun-curing, seed soaking, germination accelerating and bud airing are conducted; S2, sowing and seedling cultivation, wherein sowing quantity judgement, seeding tray preparation, seeding tray seeding quantity determination, seedling cultivation substrate preparation, seedling cultivation site preparation, seedbed preparation, planosol filling, sowing and seedbed management are conducted; S3, material and production preparation before rice transplanting, wherein selection of organic fertilizer and cultivation of crops for expelling and killing pests are conducted; S4, rice planting with machines, wherein rice transplanting seedling age judgement, fertilizer preparation, land preparation, fertilizer application, rice transplanting rote designing, rice transplanting machine selection, rice transplanting time determination, seedling taking quantity adjustment and rice transplanting density and depth determination are conducted; S5, field management, wherein gaps are filled with the seedlings, secondary water management, base fertilizer application and top application are conducted, and disease and pest prevention and control technologies and grass damage prevention and control technologies are adopted. By combining and applying theories of pesticide science, cultivation science, soil science, fertilizer science, plant physiology and field ecology, the organic planting method on thebasis of traditional Chinese medicinal herb preparations is formed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of researches of soil science and environmental science, and specifically relates to a ridge soil sampler applied to ridge planted crops. The ridge soil sampler mainly comprises a sampling head, a connection rod, a support rod, a handle and a lever, wherein one end of the lever is fixedly connected with the handle and the other end of the lever is hinged with one end of the connection rod through a pivot device; the other end of the connection rod is fixedly connected with the top end of the sampling head; one end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the handle and the other end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the sampling head; the sampling head is composed of two hollow 90-degree fan-shaped grab buckets; sampling ports are formed in the fan-shaped grab buckets; the edges of the sampling ports are shaped like waves or sawteeth; and the sampling ports of the two fan-shaped grab buckets are meshed. The ridge soil sampler is simple in structure, convenient to use, less in disturbance to crop growth and high in precision and representativeness, and is suitable for the soil sampling of ridge cultivation.

The invention relates to the field of soil science, and discloses a reconstruction structure a desertification land, which comprises a water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining layer, a mixed layer anda fertilizer layer which are sequentially laid from bottom to top, wherein the mixed layer is prepared by mixing loess and sandy soil or mixing red clay and sand soil; the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining layer is a red clay layer or a yellow soil layer. The invention also discloses a reconstruction remediation and utilization method for the desertification land, which comprises the following steps of: selecting a sandy land with flat terrain and few vegetation and leveling the sand; laying the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining layer and the mixed layer sequentially from the bottom to top in the sandy land after leveling, and compounding; laying the fertilizer layer on the mixed layer; carrying out multi-crop compound planting on the fertilized land; Irrigating and fertilizing: carrying out irrigation and fertilization on crops by using water and fertilizer integrated equipment. According to the invention, the desertification land is remedied through land survey, oil preparing and soil applying to create reasonable soil particles and a soil body structure, the desertification land is changed into an available land, and the land is accurately managed through soil culture fertilizer, crop optimization and irrigation and fertilization.

The invention relates to a soil conditioner for adjusting soil physical and chemical properties, and a preparation method of the soil conditioner, belongs to the field of soil science, and solves the technical problem in improvement of soil structures. The active ingredients of the soil conditioner comprise the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-3 parts of N-fatty acyl amino acid salt and 0.05-1 part of a nonionic surfactant. The soil conditioner provided by the invention can improve the soil structures, reduces the soil volume weight, increases soil porosity, loosens the soil, improves the absorption of crops to nutrients, improves the utilization ratio of fertilizers, promotes crop growth, and improves crop yield; the production technology is simple, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the operation is simple, and the soil conditioner is lower in cost, safe, nontoxic, free of secondary pollution and environmental-friendly.

The invention relates to the field of pedology and particularly provides a potted plant soil and root system stratified sampling device. The potted plant soil and root system stratified sampling device is composed of a container and a soil auger, wherein the opening of the container faces upward, the container is provided with sampling openings at different heights, the soil auger is matched with the sampling openings, and the soil auger need be just inserted into the sampling openings and perpendicular to the sampling openings. The invention further provides a use method of the device. The method comprises the following steps that firstly, according to the size of a plant to be detected and soil sampling requirements, the potted plant soil and root system stratified sampling device of an appropriate specification is selected; secondly, the plant to be observed is planted in the container of the potted plant soil and root system stratified sampling device, and the soil auger is used for sampling soil and obtaining root system samples through the sampling openings according to requirements. The potted plant soil and root system stratified sampling device can be used for accurately sampling the soil and obtaining the root system samples from different positions away from the plant at different depths while a potted experiment plant sample is not damaged. The potted plant soil and root system stratified sampling device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, sampling is accurate, and interference on the growing environment of the plant is small after sampling.

The invention relates to the technical field of a biological organic fertilizer, and especially relates to a biological organic fertilizer used for green food vegetables. The biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components by mass percentage: 97-98% of an organic fertilizer, 0.5-0.8% of trichoderma viride, 1-1.2% of paecilomyces lilacinus, 0.25-0.5% of bacillus megatherium, and 0.25-0.5% of bacillus mucilaginosus. According to the absorption proportion of vegetables on nitrogen, phosphor and potassium as well as generation condition of common insect diseases such as vegetablefusarium wilt, root rot and nematode, a principle of soil science, microbiology, and balanced fertilizing is used, by adjusting a proportion of nitrogen, phosphor and potassium, nutrient balance supply is guaranteed, various microbe strains having a special function can be added, so that the vegetable grows strongly, the yield is increased, the quality is good, the application amount of a fertilizer pesticide is effectively reduced, and the green safety of the food is guaranteed.

The invention discloses a soil newly-added sampling point supplementary layout method based on farmland landscape zoning, and belongs to the technical field of soil science. The method comprises the following steps: presetting a polygon vector data set to be sampled as a newly added soil sampling area, and collecting various farmland landscape data in the polygon data set; defining and generatinga farmland space grid of a preset area to be sampled in a geographic information system; processing the farmland landscape data collected in the to-be-sampled area, and inputting the processed farmland landscape data into a hybrid clustering model for operation to obtain a farmland landscape partition farmland grid; and taking the farmland grid as a reference, carrying out random point selection sampling on sampling points which do not have existing sampling points in the spatial independent pattern spots in each partition and need to be newly added and supplemented when the number of the existing sampling points in each partition reaches the sampling point density threshold balance, and determining the positions and the number of the newly added sampling points. The method can improve thereasonability and efficiency of farmland supplementary sampling.

The invention relates to a special rock core holder for high-density electrical parameter monitoring, which belongs to the technical field of permeability measurement in the fields such as hydrogeology, geological engineering, petroleum geology, hydrology and water resources, soil science and mineral resources, solves a problem that it is difficult to carry out high-density monitoring on electrical parameter changes in the experimental process on the same rock core and provides an important means for obtaining permeability parameters of the same rock core in different scales and directions oreven under heterogeneity. The technical scheme is that the holder is internally provided with a special sleeve installation lantern ring, the lantern ring is provided with a plurality of wire leading-out holes, high-density monitoring for the electrical parameters of the rock core is realized through the connection between wires and electrodes on the surface of the rock core, and the part betweenthe sleeve and a confining pressure cylinder is a confining pressure chamber which is used for applying and monitoring the confining pressure. The special rock core holder has extensive applications in high-density medium electrical parameter monitoring carried out under different confining pressure and the research and application of understanding the seepage process of a fluid in the medium andextracting relevant parameters.

The invention relates to a movable in-situ analysis root box. The box comprises a bracket, a box frame rotatably mounted on the bracket, a plurality of fixed side plates sequentially connected with and fixed to the box frame, a telescopic block mounted on the box frame in a lifting manner and a movable side plate mounted on the box frame in a translational manner; the fixed side plates are vertically disposed, the movable side plate horizontally moving along the inner walls of the fixed side plates are vertically disposed, the two sides of the movable side plate respectively contact with the inner walls of the fixed side plates, and the movable side plate and the plurality of fixed side plates enclose a closed area when looking down; the telescopic block vertically moving along the inner walls of the fixed side plates are horizontally disposed, one end of the telescopic block and the inner wall of one certain fixed side plate are in contact with each other, the other end of the telescopic block is mounted on the box frame in a lifting manner, and the two sides of the telescopic block are respectively in contact with the inner walls of the two fixed side plates. The invention also relates to a using method for the movable in-situ analysis root box. The root box can observe, analyze and sample different plants in situ, and belongs to the technical field of soil science.

The invention relates to a multi-scale rock core permeability measurement technology for high-density electrical parameter monitoring, which belongs to the technical field of permeability measurementin the fields such as hydrogeology, geological engineering, petroleum geology, hydrology and water resources, soil science and mineral resources and solves a problem of simultaneously acquiring the comprehensive permeability, the permeability in different scales and directions and the heterogeneous permeability on the same low-permeability rock core. The adopted technical scheme is that the changes of rock core electrical parameters are monitored through dynamic scanning of electrodes arranged on the rock core in high density in a hydraulic experiment to obtain the arrival time of a fluid, therock core permeability is obtained through fitting the simulated fluid arrival time and the measured arrival time, and the heterogeneous permeability field of the rock core is obtained through measuring the arrival time field of the fluid. The multi-scale rock core permeability measurement technology has extensive applications in the permeability measurement of various porous media and the research and application of the heterogeneity, anisotropy and scale effect of the permeability.

The invention discloses a method for detecting and evaluating degree of water repellence of granular substances such as soil mass and the like and belongs to the fields of environmental geotechnical engineering, disaster prevention and mitigation engineering, soil science and the like. According to the method, two glutaraldehyde solutions with a volume ratio of glutaraldehyde (50%) to deionized water being 1:3.5 and 1:0.2 respectively are prepared from glutaraldehyde (50%) and the deionized water, and the granular substances such as soil mass and the like with different degrees of water repellence are detected with a glutaraldehyde drop solution infiltration time method; during dropping, each drop of liquid is 0.05 ml, and time required for whole liquid infiltration is recorded; accordingto surface dimension and form of a sample, titration positions are distributed in a regular triangle shape in the center of the sample surface, and a tested average value of three points is taken as afinal result; water repellence and water repelling level of the sample are determined by referring to classification criterion of degree of water repellence. According to the method, a reagent is simple to prepare, operation is convenient and fast, cost is low, and detection precision is high.

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil science, and particularly relates to a sampling device and leaching device for nitrogen migration and transformation, a sampling method and a method for researching nitrogen migration and transformation. The sampling device provided by the invention comprises a sampler (1); the sampler (1) is in the shape of a cylindrical straight tube, the top of the sampler is flat, a knife edge inclined plane is designed at the bottom of the sampler, and the width of the inclined plane is 10-15mm. The sampler (1) is in the shape of a cylindrical straight tube, the shape of soil is directly fixed, a soil sample is not disturbed during sampling, undisturbed soil column soil which is as close as possible under field natural conditions is obtained, the natural water content and structure of the soil are kept, and various physicochemical indexes and biological indexes of the sampled soil are not affected.

The invention discloses a calculation method and a grading method of soil physical property comprehensive character parameters, relates to a soil physical quality calculation method and a grading method, and belongs to the technical field of soil science. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that traditional parameters representing the physical properties of soil cannot comprehensively reflect the comprehensive properties of the physical properties of the soil and the influence of the physical properties of the soil on crop growth. According to the calculation method, when SPQ islarger than or equal to 0.10, the soil physical property comprehensive character is excellent; when SPQ is smaller than 0.10 and is greater than or equal to 0.055, the soil physical property comprehensive character is good; when SPQ is smaller than 0.055 and more than or equal to 0.03, and the soil physical property comprehensive character is poor; when SPQ is smaller than 0.03, the soil physicalproperty comprehensive character is extremely poor. The method can comprehensively reflect the comprehensive properties of the physical properties of the soil and the influence of the physical properties of the soil on the growth of crops, and can grade the comprehensive properties of the physical properties of the soil.