The invention discloses a smart factory-based multi-function data acquisition device, acquisition system and method. The acquisition device comprises a microprocessor as well as a power supply module, a 485 transceiver chip, a 232 transceiver chip, an IO signal conversion circuit and two Ethernet protocol stack chips which are connected with the microprocessor, wherein the 485 transceiver chip and the 232 transceiver chip are respectively provided with an RS-485 Interface and an RS-232 interface which are used for connecting external devices and acquiring device data, the Ethernet protocol stack chips are provided with Ethernet interfaces and are used for connecting upper computers or other acquisition devices and transmitting data, and the IO signal conversion circuit is provided with an IO port and is used for connecting external devices, acquiring signals or controlling the devices. The data acquisition device can be configured to a master station mode or a slave station mode, and is flexible in interfacing, and therefore, the data acquisition device can read data of field devices and scattered acquisition points more economically, conveniently and efficiently and provide complete and accurate bottom data for the establishment of a smart factory.