The invention relates to a traceable polymer and a preparation method and application thereof. By adopting an emulsion polymerization method, water taken as a solvent, lauryl sodium sulfate used as an emulsifier, an ammonium persulfate and tetramethylethylenediamine redox system taken as an initiator, and 8-(4- benzyloxy-vinyl)-1,3,6-pyrene trisulfonic acid trisodium taken as a fluorescent tracer copolymerize with monomers acrylamide and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid under certain temperature and pH conditions, so as to obtain the traceable polymer. The synthetic reaction is carried out under mild conditions, raw materials are easily available, the cost is low, the monomer conversion rate is high, products are easily processed, and the obtained traceable polymer can be applied to accurate determination of the concentration of the polymer, and a metal ion detector and has great potential application value in chemical analysis.