The invention relates to a power supply 
system key 
information acquisition system and communication method based on Beidou 
satellite transmission, belonging to the field of remote monitoring of a power supply 
system. The system consists of a main 
station side system and a factory 
station side system, wherein the main 
station side system comprises a main station side data 
server and a Beidou 
satellite command 
airplane, and the Beidou 
satellite command 
airplane is connected with the main station side data 
server; the factory station side system consists of a three-phase acquisition circuit, a multi-path analogue-to-
digital conversion integrated circuit, an intelligent 
electric energy meter, a Beidou satellite subscriber 
machine, a processor, a display and a data storage device, and the three-phase acquisition circuit is connected with the multi-path analogue-to-
digital conversion integrated circuit; the multi-path analogue-to-
digital conversion integrated circuit is connected with the processor; and the processor is respectively connected with the intelligent 
electric energy meter, the Beidou satellite subscriber 
machine, the data storage device and the display. The system has the advantages of reinforcing the accuracy, the timeliness and the safety of key 
data transmission, monitoring a distributive mini-type 
hydropower station in real time, improving the running 
management level of the mini-type 
hydropower station and optimizing the 
power flow distribution of a 
power grid so as to reduce the loss of the 
power grid and exert the effects of energy saving and emission reduction.