The invention relates to a beneficiation method for pegmatite type lithium polymetallic ore. The beneficiation method comprises the steps of first-stage ore grinding, screening, reselection, magnetic separation, second-stage ore grinding, size mixing, flotation of rubidium-containing mica, flotation of spodumene and the like. The tantalum-niobium concentrate, the tin concentrate, the mica concentrate, the spodumene concentrate and the silica sand mixture are obtained through the gravity-magnetism-flotation combined technology, comprehensive recovery of tantalum, niobium, tin, rubidium, lithium, silicon, aluminum and other elements is sequentially achieved, and the method has the advantages of being simple and convenient in separation technology, good in separation effect, high in resource utilization rate and the like.