The invention discloses a lithium battery diaphragm. The lithium battery diaphragm comprises the following components in parts by weight: 93-96 parts of N,N-dimethylamide, 10-13 parts of polyacrylonitrile and 1-2 parts of lithium lanthanite oxide. A preparation method comprises the following steps of 1) mixing the N,N-dimethylamide and polyacrylonitrile powder to prepare a solution; 2) adding lithium lanthanite oxide powder into the mixed solution of the N,N-dimethylamide and the polyacrylonitrile, and carrying out uniform stirring by a stirrer; 3) putting a mixed solution into an electrostatic spinning device, carrying out sequential unidirectional spinning, namely, carrying out transverse reciprocating spinning first, and then carrying out longitudinal reciprocating spinning after the end is reached, until an initial point is reached; and continuing the next spinning to ensure that a fiber has three layers, wherein technological parameters of the electrostatic spinning device are asfollows: an electrostatic voltage is 15-20KV, a jet speed is 0.2-0.71ml/h, and a receiving distance is 16cm; and 4) carrying out vacuum drying on the fiber subjected to spinning forming at 45 DEG C for 5 hours so as to complete the preparation. The lithium battery diaphragm is high in structural strength, high in liquid absorption capacity, high in ionic conductivity, and convenient and fast to prepare.