The invention relates to a safe tank steaming and washing process for a dangerous goods transportation tank car, which comprises the following steps of: S1, opening an oil discharge valve at the rear part of the tank car to control and discharge residual media in the tank, and dismounting a fusing bolt and an anti-overflow probe rod of a sea valve; s2, the tank car is driven into a tank steaming station for tank steaming; s3, after the tank truck finishes steaming, stopping steaming, putting an axial flow fan into a rear manhole, continuously ventilating for more than 30 minutes, and stably reducing the temperature in the tank to below 25 DEG C; s4, cleaning the interior of the tank car; and S5, after cleaning is completed, an automatic drying machine is used for conducting hot air drying on the interior of the tank, after drying is completed, the device is taken out, and a sea bottom valve fusing bolt, an anti-overflow probe rod and the steam cleaning tank are installed. The method is clear in operation process, safe and efficient in process, stable in quality, advanced in safety control measure and cleaning process, capable of effectively solving the cleaning problem of the dangerous goods tank car, free of loopholes in process connection, high in cleaning quality, environment-friendly and efficient in technological process and free of pollution.